Acute Exposure to Arsenic Affects Pupal Development and Neurological Functions in Drosophila melanogaster
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fly Husbandry, Breeding, and Collection of Flies
2.2. Chemicals
Materials
2.3. Treatment and Estimation of the Lethal Concentration (LC50)
2.4. Morphological Changes in the Pupae
2.5. Behavioral Experimental Setup
2.5.1. Climbing Assay
2.5.2. Olfactory Two-Choice Assay
2.5.3. Learning Assay
2.6. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Estimation of LC50
3.2. Pupae Size Measurement
3.3. Climbing Assay
3.4. Olfactory Two-Choice Assay
3.5. Learning Assay: T-Maze Assay
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of Arsenic on Survivability
4.2. Effect of Arsenic on Development and Growth
4.3. Effect of Arsenic on the Locomotor Ability
4.4. Effect of Arsenic on the Cognitive Response of Olfaction
4.5. Effect of Arsenic on the Neurological Ability of Learning
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Anushree; Ali, M.Z.; Bilgrami, A.L.; Ahsan, J. Acute Exposure to Arsenic Affects Pupal Development and Neurological Functions in Drosophila melanogaster. Toxics 2023, 11, 327. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040327
Anushree, Ali MZ, Bilgrami AL, Ahsan J. Acute Exposure to Arsenic Affects Pupal Development and Neurological Functions in Drosophila melanogaster. Toxics. 2023; 11(4):327. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040327
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnushree, Md Zeeshan Ali, Anwar L. Bilgrami, and Jawaid Ahsan. 2023. "Acute Exposure to Arsenic Affects Pupal Development and Neurological Functions in Drosophila melanogaster" Toxics 11, no. 4: 327. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040327