Analysis of Cadmium Retention Mechanisms by a Smectite Clay in the Presence of Carbonates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Smectite Clay
2.2. Techniques Used for Cd Measurements
2.3. Sorption Tests
2.4. Sorption Modelling
3. Results
3.1. Cd Speciation
3.2. Sorption Tests
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Aqueous Species | Definition | LogK |
---|---|---|
CdOH [+] | 1 Cd [2+], 1 H2O, -1 H[+] | −9.91 ± 0.1 |
Cd(OH)2(aq) | 1 Cd [2+], 2 H2O, -2 H[+] | −20.19 ± 0.13 |
Cd(OH)3[−] | 1 Cd [2+], 3 H2O, -3 H[+] | −33.5 ± 0.5 |
Cd(OH)4[2−] | 1 Cd [2+], 4 H2O, -4 H[+] | −47.28 ± 0.15 |
Cd2OH [3+] | 2 Cd [2+], 1 H2O, -1 H[+] | −8.73 ± 0.01 |
Cd4(OH)4[4+] | 4 Cd [2+], 4 H2O, -4 H[+] | −31.8 |
CdHCO3[+] | 1 Cd [2+], 1 HCO3[−] | 0.84–2.4/1.5 (*) |
CdCO3(aq) | 1 Cd [2+], 1 HCO3[−], -1 H[+] | −5.9288 |
Cd(CO3)2[2−] | 1 Cd [2+], 2 HCO3[−], -2H[+] | −14.4576 |
CdCl[+] | 1 Cd [2+], 1 Cl[−] | 1.98 ± 0.06 |
CdCl2(aq) | 1 Cd [2+], 2 Cl[−] | 2.64 ± 0.09 |
CdCl3[−] | 1 Cd [2+], 3 Cl[−] | 2.3 ± 0.21 |
Cd(OH)Cl(aq) | 1 Cd [2+], 1 Cl[−], 1 H2O, -1 H[+] | 7.4328 (*) |
Solid Species | Composition | LogK |
Cd(OH)2 | 1 Cd [2+], -2 H[+], 2 H2O | −13.72 ± 0.12 |
CdCO3(s), otavite (**) | 1 Cd [2+], 1 HCO3[−], -1 H[+] | 1.7336 |
Cd(OH)Cl | 1 Cd [2+], 1 Cl[−], -1 H[+], 1H2O | −3.543 |
CdCl2 | 1 Cd [2+], 2 Cl[−] | 0.674 (*) |
CdCl2:H2O | 1 Cd [2+], 2 Cl[−], 1 H2O | 1.6747 (*) |
SPECIES | DEFINITION | LogK |
---|---|---|
SwOH2[+] | 1 SwOH, 1 H[+] | 5.3 |
SsOH2[+] | 1 SsOH, 1 H[+] | 4.8 |
SwO [−] | 1 SwOH, -1 H[+] | −8.4 |
SsO [−] | 1 SsOH, -1 H[+] | −9.9 |
SPECIES | DEFINITION | Mean LogK |
---|---|---|
X2Cd | 2 X-Na, 1 Cd [2+], -2 Na[+] | 3.5 |
SwOCd[+] | 1 SwOH, -1 H[+], 1 Cd [2+] | −2.51 |
SsOCd[+] | 1 SsOH, -1 H[+], 1 Cd [2+] | −1.4 |
SwOHCd [2+] | 1 SwOH, 1 Cd [2+] | 4.14 |
SsOHCd [2+] | 1 SsOH, 1 Cd [2+] | 6.1 |
SsOCdOH | 1 SwOH, -2 H[+], 1 Cd [2+], 1 H2O | −11.66 |
SwOCdOH | 1 SsOH, -2 H[+], 1 Cd [2+], 1 H2O | −11.86 |
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Missana, T.; Alonso, U.; Mayordomo, N.; García-Gutiérrez, M. Analysis of Cadmium Retention Mechanisms by a Smectite Clay in the Presence of Carbonates. Toxics 2023, 11, 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020130
Missana T, Alonso U, Mayordomo N, García-Gutiérrez M. Analysis of Cadmium Retention Mechanisms by a Smectite Clay in the Presence of Carbonates. Toxics. 2023; 11(2):130. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020130
Chicago/Turabian StyleMissana, Tiziana, Ursula Alonso, Natalia Mayordomo, and Miguel García-Gutiérrez. 2023. "Analysis of Cadmium Retention Mechanisms by a Smectite Clay in the Presence of Carbonates" Toxics 11, no. 2: 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020130