Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) as a Biomarker of Alcohol Abuse: A Retrospective Study of the Italian Drinking Trend among Drivers from 2016 to 2022
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects and Samples
2.2. HPLC Analysis
2.3. HPLC Methods
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
Genetic Tf Variants
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Time (min) | %M1 (Pump A) | %M2 (Pump B) |
---|---|---|
0 | 100 | 0 |
0.5 | 100 | 0 |
5 | 75 | 25 |
5.1 | 0 | 100 |
7.5 | 0 | 100 |
7.6 | 100 | 0 |
%Positive CDT | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age Group | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
<18 | 0 (0/0) | 0 (0/0) | 0 (0/3) | 50.0 (1/2) | 0 (0/0) | 0 (0/2) | 0 (0/1) |
18–30 | 0.73 (2/274) | 0.25 (1/405) | 3.98 (19/477) | 3.9 (23/589) | 3.22 (10/311) | 2.78 (13/467) | 2.28 (11/483) |
31–40 | 0.71 (2/283) | 1.12 (5/445) | 4.08 (22/539) | 5.32 (42/789) | 3.05 (12/394) | 3.61 (28/775) | 2.74 (25/911) |
41–50 | 0 (0/182) | 1.24 (4/322) | 6.91 (32/463) | 6.3 (39/619) | 3.41 (12/352) | 4.97 (30/604) | 2.91 (22/757) |
51–60 | 0 (0/59) | 0.74 (1/135) | 4.69 (10/213) | 9.21 (28/304) | 2.01 (3/149) | 5.98 (21/351) | 1.19 (5/421) |
61–70 | 7.14 (1/14) | 0 (0/43) | 9.8 (5/51) | 9.46 (7/74) | 6.82 (3/44) | 4.6 (4/87) | 3.03 (4/132) |
>70 | 0 (0/3) | 0 (0/8) | 12.5 (1/8) | 18.52 (5/27) | 5.88 (1/17) | 6.67 (1/15) | 5 (1/20) |
% of Genetic Variants Split by Gender | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
Males | 0.7% (5/712) | 0.4% (5/1226) | 1% (16/1576) | 1.2% (26/2093) | 0.9% (10/1113) | 1.3% (27/2018) | 1.4% (32/2375) |
Females | 0% (0/103) | 0.8% (1/132) | 1.1% (2/178) | 0.6% (2/311) | 2.6% (4/154) | 0.4% (1/283) | 0.3% (1/350) |
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Fiorelli, D.; Romani, L.; Treglia, M.; Pallocci, M.; Passalacqua, P.; Coppeta, L.; Marsella, L.T.; Tittarelli, R. Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) as a Biomarker of Alcohol Abuse: A Retrospective Study of the Italian Drinking Trend among Drivers from 2016 to 2022. Toxics 2023, 11, 914. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11110914
Fiorelli D, Romani L, Treglia M, Pallocci M, Passalacqua P, Coppeta L, Marsella LT, Tittarelli R. Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) as a Biomarker of Alcohol Abuse: A Retrospective Study of the Italian Drinking Trend among Drivers from 2016 to 2022. Toxics. 2023; 11(11):914. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11110914
Chicago/Turabian StyleFiorelli, Denise, Leonardo Romani, Michele Treglia, Margherita Pallocci, Pierluigi Passalacqua, Luca Coppeta, Luigi Tonino Marsella, and Roberta Tittarelli. 2023. "Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) as a Biomarker of Alcohol Abuse: A Retrospective Study of the Italian Drinking Trend among Drivers from 2016 to 2022" Toxics 11, no. 11: 914. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11110914