Cleaning the Flue in Wood-Burning Stoves Is a Key Factor in Reducing Household Air Pollution
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Study Design
2.3. In-Home Particulate Samples and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics of Subjects and the Homes
3.2. WS Was the Cause of the Measured PM
3.3. Age of Wood Stoves Was Not Associated with the PM and Levoglucosan
3.4. The Age of Wood Stoves Did Not Play a Role in PM2.5 or Levoglucosan Levels
3.5. Cleaning of Wood Stoves Was Associated with PM2.5 Emission
4. Discussion
5. Comparative Section
6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Mean/Number | Percentage/SD |
---|---|---|
Age (<46 years) | 3 | 10.0% |
Gender Male | 13 | 43.3% |
Hispanic | 14 | 46.7% |
Reported Chronic Illness | 20 | 66.7% |
Currently Smoking | 7 | 23.3% |
Education (>high school) | 27 | 90.0% |
Annual Household Income (expense less than income) | 3 | 10.0% |
Number of individuals in the home | 2.29 | 0.87 |
Number of rooms in the home | 4.87 | 0.51 |
Stove maintained in last year (%Yes) | 19 | 65.5% |
Flue cleaned in the last year (%Yes) | 16 | 53.3% |
Used a humidifier (%Yes) | 9 | 30% |
Used an air filter (%Yes) | 1 | 3.3% |
Variable | Beta-Est. | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Income | 8.416 | −8.7–25.6 | 0.35 |
Education | 0.8414 | −27.6–29.2 | 0.95 |
Stove_Clean | 9.3082 | −27.5–446.1 | 0.62 |
Stove_flue | 35.5638 | 3.1–68.0 | 0.04 |
Cig.per.Day | −0.6049 | −3.9–2.6 | 0.72 |
Proximity | 0.6271 | −15.5–16.8 | 0.94 |
Stove Age | −0.2954 | −2.4–1.8 | 0.78 |
Est. | 95% CI | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 11.22 | −196.1–173.7 | 0.91 |
Income | 7.02 | −17.1–31.2 | 0.58 |
Education | 4.15 | −35.9–44.3 | 0.84 |
Stove_Clean | 2.7 | −39.8–45.2 | 0.9 |
Stove_flue | 32.84 | −9.3–75.0 | 0.15 |
Cig.per.Day | 0.44 | −3.6–4.5 | 0.83 |
Proximity | −0.47 | −17.7–16.8- | 0.577 |
Stove Age | 0.02 | −2.2–2.3 | 0.987 |
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Rahman, M.; Petersen, H.; Irshad, H.; Liu, C.; McDonald, J.; Sood, A.; Meek, P.M.; Tesfaigzi, Y. Cleaning the Flue in Wood-Burning Stoves Is a Key Factor in Reducing Household Air Pollution. Toxics 2022, 10, 615. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100615
Rahman M, Petersen H, Irshad H, Liu C, McDonald J, Sood A, Meek PM, Tesfaigzi Y. Cleaning the Flue in Wood-Burning Stoves Is a Key Factor in Reducing Household Air Pollution. Toxics. 2022; 10(10):615. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100615
Chicago/Turabian StyleRahman, Mizanur, Hans Petersen, Hammad Irshad, Congjian Liu, Jacob McDonald, Akshay Sood, Paula M. Meek, and Yohannes Tesfaigzi. 2022. "Cleaning the Flue in Wood-Burning Stoves Is a Key Factor in Reducing Household Air Pollution" Toxics 10, no. 10: 615. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100615