Screening of Polyphenols and Antioxidative Activity in Industrial Beers
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Beer Samples
2.3. Determination of Total Polyphenolic Index
2.4. Determination of Antioxidant Activity
2.5. Polyphenols Analysis via High-Performance Lliquid Chromatography with Ddiode-Array Detector (HPLC-PDA)
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Indicator | Unit | Method | |
---|---|---|---|
MEBAK® | (Analytica-EBC®) | ||
Original Extract | °Plato | 2.13.16.1 | |
Apparent Extract | °Plato | 2.13.3 | |
Specific Gravity | g/mL | 2.13.16.1 | |
Alcohol by volume | mL/100 mL | 2.13.16.1 | |
pH value | 2.17. | ||
Color | EBC | 2.16.2 | |
Bitterness | BU | 2.22.1 | |
Polyphenols | mg/L | 9.11. | |
Foam stability | min | 2.23.1 |
Sample | Country | Beer Style | Original Extract (°Plato) | Apparent Extract (°Plato) | Specific Gravity (g/mL) | Alcohol Content (v/v) | pH | Color (EBC) | Bitterness (EBC) | Foam Stability (min) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1SW | Germany | Pilsner | 11.05 | 3.79 | 1.0082 | 4.75 | 4.3 | 8 | 24 | 10 |
2SS | Croatia | Pilsner | 11.63 | 4.41 | 1.0106 | 4.76 | 4.6 | 7 | 19 | 8 |
3SB | Germany | Pilsner | 11.11 | 3.90 | 1.0086 | 4.72 | 4.3 | 7 | 28 | 10 |
4SO | Croatia | Lager | 11.51 | 4.40 | 1.0104 | 4.67 | 4.3 | 6 | 17 | 8 |
5SZ | Croatia | Lager | 11.90 | 4.09 | 1.0088 | 5.14 | 4.3 | 12 | 30 | 7 |
6SK | Czech | Lager | 11.07 | 3.95 | 1.0089 | 4.66 | 4.6 | 12 | 24 | 5 |
7TP | Croatia | Dark | 11.86 | 3.79 | 1.0074 | 5.30 | 4.2 | 44 | 14 | 7 |
8TK | Czech | Dark | 9.75 | 4.12 | 1.0109 | 3.67 | 4.5 | 76 | 13 | - * |
9TB | Germany | Dark | 11.75 | 4.59 | 1.0114 | 4.72 | 4.5 | 82 | 21 | 8 |
10CO | Croatia | Black | 11.90 | 4.66 | 1.0116 | 4.77 | 4.4 | 81 | 23 | 10 |
11CCK | Croatia | Black | 12.97 | 5.46 | 1.0144 | 4.80 | 4.4 | 88 | 19 | - * |
12CK | Croatia | Black | 14.36 | 5.35 | 1.0126 | 6.03 | 4.3 | 70 | 22 | 11 |
Sample | Gallic Acid (mg/100 mL) | Caffeic Acid (mg/100 mL) | p-Coumaric Acid (mg/100 mL) | Epicatechin (mg/100 mL) | Polyphenols Folin—Ciocalteu (mg/L) | Polyphenols EBC Method (mg/L) | Antioxidatve Activity (mmol Trolox/100 mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1SW | 4.17 ± 0.01 j | 0.55 ± 0.02 f | 0.36 ± 0.03 i | 1.45 ± 0.01 gh | 480.30 ± 0.29 j | 98.02 ± 0.31 j | 0.40 ± 0.01 e |
2SS | 8.66 ± 0.03 f | 1.33 ± 0.02 d | 1.07 ± 0.18 g | 2.62 ± 0.06 e | 579.29 ± 0.34 e | 134.48 ± 0.71 e | 0.48 ± 0.06 cd |
3SB | 5.12 ± 0.01 h | 0.93 ± 0.02 e | 0.37 ± 0.01 i | 1.64 ± 0.02 g | 498.89 ± 0.27 h | 100.36 ± 0.62 i | 0.47 ± 0.03 cd |
4SO | 5.04 ± 0.02 i | 0.76 ± 0.04 ef | 0.36 ± 0.04 i | 1.42 ± 0.03 gh | 488.38 ± 0.16 hi | 112.67 ± 0.33 g | 0.46 ± 0.01 d |
5SZ | 7.65 ± 0.01 g | 1.17 ± 0.08 d | 1.53 ± 0.03 f | 2.34 ± 0.09 f | 539.49 ± 0.13 g | 102.48 ± 0.47 h | 0.50 ± 0.01 c |
6SK | 4.12 ± 0.01 k | 0.87 ± 0.04 e | 0.71 ± 0.02 h | 1.26 ± 0.03 h | 464.34 ± 0.06 j | 114.78 ± 0.83 f | 0.40 ± 0.01 e |
7TP | 8.97 ± 0.02 e | 1.56 ± 0.33 c | 1.04 ± 0.04 g | 2.67 ± 0.22 e | 563.54 ± 0.18 f | 115.27 ± 0.70 f | 0.54 ± 0.01 b |
8TK | 11.25 ± 0.03 d | 2.07 ± 0.02 b | 1.87 ± 0.02 e | 3.25 ± 0.09 d | 708.38 ± 0.07 d | 160.12 ± 0.52 c | 0.59 ± 0.00 a |
9TB | 13.46 ± 0.02 c | 2.10 ± 0.00 b | 2.23 ± 0.11 d | 3.44 ± 0.20 cd | 776.46 ± 0.21 b | 259.90 ± 0.23 a | 0.60 ± 0.01 a |
10CO | 11.22 ± 0.02 d | 2.35 ± 0.28 a | 3.45 ± 0.04 c | 3.67 ± 0.37 c | 723.33 ± 0.09 c | 141.89 ± 0.76 d | 0.58 ± 0.00 a |
11CCK | 14.05 ± 0.03 b | 2.29 ± 0.09 ab | 5.26 ± 0.05 b | 4.55 ± 0.04 a | 855.45 ± 0.06 a | 235.23 ± 0.98 b | 0.60 ± 0.00 a |
12CK | 14.22 ± 0.04 a | 2.25 ± 0.01 ab | 5.58 ± 0.18 a | 4.30 ± 0.07 b | 849.50 ± 0.13 a | 140.17 ± 0.28 d | 0.61 ± 0.00 a |
Polyphenols Folin—Ciocalteu (mg/L) | Polyphenols EBC (mg/L) | Antioxidatve Activity (mmol Trolox/100 mL) | |
---|---|---|---|
Polyphenols Folin—Ciocalteu (pF-C) (mg/L) | 1 | 0.77 ** | 0.69 ** |
Polyphenols (EBC) (mg/L) | 0.77 ** | 1 | 0.92 ** |
Antioxidatve activity (AA) (mmol Trolox/100 mL) | 0.69 ** | 0.92 ** | 1 |
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Habschied, K.; Lončarić, A.; Mastanjević, K. Screening of Polyphenols and Antioxidative Activity in Industrial Beers. Foods 2020, 9, 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9020238
Habschied K, Lončarić A, Mastanjević K. Screening of Polyphenols and Antioxidative Activity in Industrial Beers. Foods. 2020; 9(2):238. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9020238
Chicago/Turabian StyleHabschied, Kristina, Ante Lončarić, and Krešimir Mastanjević. 2020. "Screening of Polyphenols and Antioxidative Activity in Industrial Beers" Foods 9, no. 2: 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9020238
APA StyleHabschied, K., Lončarić, A., & Mastanjević, K. (2020). Screening of Polyphenols and Antioxidative Activity in Industrial Beers. Foods, 9(2), 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9020238