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Article

AI Control for Pasteurized Soft-Boiled Eggs

by
Primož Podržaj
,
Dominik Kozjek
,
Gašper Škulj
,
Tomaž Požrl
and
Marjan Jenko
*
Laboratory for Mechatronics, Production Systems and Automation (LAMPA), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2025, 14(18), 3171; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14183171
Submission received: 30 July 2025 / Revised: 7 September 2025 / Accepted: 10 September 2025 / Published: 11 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning for Foods)

Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach to thermal process control in the food industry, specifically targeting the pasteurization and cooking of soft-boiled eggs. The unique challenge of this process lies in the precise temperature control required, as pasteurization and cooking must occur within a narrow temperature range. Traditional control methods, such as fuzzy logic controllers, have proven insufficient due to their limitations in handling varying loads and environmental conditions. To address these challenges, we propose the integration of robust reinforcement learning (RL) techniques, particularly the utilization of the Deep Q-Network (DQN) algorithm. Our approach involves training an RL agent in a simulated environment to manage the thermal process with high accuracy. The RL-based system adapts to different heat capacities, initial conditions, and environmental variations, demonstrating superior performance over traditional methods. Experimental results indicate that the RL-based controller significantly improves temperature regulation accuracy, ensuring consistent pasteurization and cooking quality. This study opens new avenues for the application of artificial intelligence in industrial food processing, highlighting the potential for RL algorithms to enhance process control and efficiency.
Keywords: AI temperature control; artificial intelligence; machine learning; pasteurized soft-boiled eggs; robust reinforcement learning AI temperature control; artificial intelligence; machine learning; pasteurized soft-boiled eggs; robust reinforcement learning
Graphical Abstract

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MDPI and ACS Style

Podržaj, P.; Kozjek, D.; Škulj, G.; Požrl, T.; Jenko, M. AI Control for Pasteurized Soft-Boiled Eggs. Foods 2025, 14, 3171. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14183171

AMA Style

Podržaj P, Kozjek D, Škulj G, Požrl T, Jenko M. AI Control for Pasteurized Soft-Boiled Eggs. Foods. 2025; 14(18):3171. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14183171

Chicago/Turabian Style

Podržaj, Primož, Dominik Kozjek, Gašper Škulj, Tomaž Požrl, and Marjan Jenko. 2025. "AI Control for Pasteurized Soft-Boiled Eggs" Foods 14, no. 18: 3171. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14183171

APA Style

Podržaj, P., Kozjek, D., Škulj, G., Požrl, T., & Jenko, M. (2025). AI Control for Pasteurized Soft-Boiled Eggs. Foods, 14(18), 3171. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14183171

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