Health Benefits of Vegetarian Diets: An Insight into the Main Topics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Health Effects
2.1. Gut Microbiota
2.2. Chronic Inflammation
2.3. Oxidative Stress
2.4. Energy Metabolism
3. Beneficial Health Outcomes
3.1. Cancer
3.2. Overweight-Obesity
3.3. Diabetes (Type 2)
3.4. Dyslipidemia
3.5. Hypertension
3.6. Metabolic Syndrome
3.7. Vascular Disease
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vegetarian | LOV | VN | |
---|---|---|---|
Observational Studies (BMI, kg/m2) | |||
Dinu, 2017 [66] | −1.49 | −1.72 | |
Benatar, 2018 [73] | −1.72 total −1.92 non-Asians −0.2 Asians 1 | ||
Intervention Studies (BW, kg) | |||
Barnard, 2015 2 [74] | −4.6 | ||
Huang, 2016 3 [72] | −2.02 | −1.48 | −2.52 |
Termannsen, 2022 2 [75] | −7.4 | ||
Termannsen, 2022 3 [75] | −2.7 | ||
Wang, 2015 2,3 [76] | −2.88 |
Vegetarian | LOV | VN | |
---|---|---|---|
Observational Studies (Glucose Blood Levels, mmol/L) | |||
Dinu, 2017 [66] | −0.28 | −0.35 | |
Benatar, 2018 [73] | −0.23 total −0.39 non-Asians −0.12 Asians | ||
Intervention Studies (HbA1c, %) | |||
Yokoyama, 2014 [84] | −0.39 | ||
Viguiliouk, 2019 1 [85] | −0.29 | ||
Termannsen, 2022 2 [75] | −0.18 |
TC (mg/dL) | LDL-C (mg/dL) | HDL-C (mg/dL) | |
---|---|---|---|
Vegetarian | |||
Yokoyama, 2017 [88] | −29.2 | −22.2 | −3.6 |
LOV | |||
Dinu, 2017 [66] | −28.2 | −21.3 | −2.7 |
VN | |||
Dinu, 2017 [66] | −31.0 | −22.3 | −1.5 1 |
Benatar, 2018 [73] | −18.9 total −23.17 non-Asians −6.18 Asians 1 |
TC (mg/dL) | LDL-C (mg/dL) | HDL-C (mg/dL) | |
---|---|---|---|
Vegetarian | |||
Yokoyama, 2017 [88] | −12.5 | −12.2 | −3.4 |
Wang, 2015 [76] | −14.0 | −13.0 | −3.9 |
Viguiliouk, 2019 1 [85] | −4.63 (LDL-C) −5.02 (non-HDL-C) | −1.16 2 | |
VN | |||
Termannsen, 2022 3 [75] | −11.6 | −9.3 | −2.3 2 |
Vegetarian | VN | |
---|---|---|
Observational Studies (Syst/Diast mmHg) | ||
Yokoyama, 2014 1 [96] | −6.9/−4.7 | |
Benatar, 2018 [73] | −2.56/−1.33 total −5.87/−3.19 non-Asians −0.99/−0.33 Asians 2 | |
Intervention Studies (Syst/Diast mmHg) | ||
Yokoyama, 2014 [96] | −4.8/−2.2 | |
Viguiliouk, 2019 3 [85] | −0.1/0.53 2 | |
Termannsen, 2022 1 [75] | −1.28/−0.54 2 |
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Baroni, L.; Rizzo, G.; Galchenko, A.V.; Zavoli, M.; Serventi, L.; Battino, M. Health Benefits of Vegetarian Diets: An Insight into the Main Topics. Foods 2024, 13, 2398. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13152398
Baroni L, Rizzo G, Galchenko AV, Zavoli M, Serventi L, Battino M. Health Benefits of Vegetarian Diets: An Insight into the Main Topics. Foods. 2024; 13(15):2398. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13152398
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaroni, Luciana, Gianluca Rizzo, Alexey Vladimirovich Galchenko, Martina Zavoli, Luca Serventi, and Maurizio Battino. 2024. "Health Benefits of Vegetarian Diets: An Insight into the Main Topics" Foods 13, no. 15: 2398. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13152398