Issue Leadership: Establishing a Domain for a Food Systems Leadership Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Occupations and the Uniqueness of Food Systems Work
1.2. Food Systems Facing Significant Issues
1.3. Existing Leadership Theory Summary
1.4. Leadership as Theory and Practice in Context
1.5. The Food Systems Leadership Context
1.5.1. Leadership at the Interpersonal Level
1.5.2. Leadership at the Organizational Level
1.5.3. Leadership at the Community Level
1.5.4. Leadership at the Policy Level
1.6. Study Purpose
- To create a comprehensive list of leadership competencies and behaviors associated with effective food systems leadership;
- To generate a consensus on the specific leadership competencies and behaviors associated with effective food systems leadership;
- To develop a heuristic thematic grouping of leadership competencies and behaviors associated with effective food systems leadership.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Expert Panel Selection
2.2. Instrumentation
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Contributions to Food Systems Literature
4.2. Contributions to Food Systems Practice
4.3. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Mean | Consensus (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Act with integrity | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 25 | 4.83 | 100 |
Demonstrate proficiency in communication skills through effective interpersonal interaction | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 20 | 4.67 | 100 |
Able to appreciate different perspectives and opinions as well as an openness to differences | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 21 | 4.67 | 100 |
Confident to step forward into a leadership role at the organization, local, state/province/territory, national or international level | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 21 | 4.67 | 100 |
Demonstrate critical thinking by asking appropriate questions and applying reflective thinking skills to find solutions | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 19 | 4.60 | 100 |
Confident in self and abilities | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 19 | 4.60 | 100 |
Foster collaboration by promoting cooperative goals and building trust | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 19 | 4.60 | 100 |
Demonstrate problem-solving skills | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 15 | 4.50 | 100 |
Act as an agent of change | 0 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 17 | 4.50 | 100 |
Willing to get involved and engaged in organizational and community endeavors | 0 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 16 | 4.47 | 100 |
Demonstrate a willingness to take risks and try new ideas and approaches | 0 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 14 | 4.43 | 100 |
Able to work as part of a team | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 24 | 4.80 | 96.67 |
Adaptable and collaborative and can work with diversity | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 23 | 4.73 | 96.67 |
Be open to new ideas | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 21 | 4.70 | 96.67 |
Challenge the process—search for opportunities by seeking innovative ways to change, grow, and improve | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 22 | 4.70 | 96.67 |
Respect others opinions | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 21 | 4.67 | 96.67 |
Lead by example | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 21 | 4.63 | 96.67 |
Self-aware of leadership behaviors, strengths, and areas for improvement | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 21 | 4.60 | 96.67 |
Know personal strengths and weaknesses | 0 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 17 | 4.53 | 96.67 |
Self-aware of individual skills: life, interpersonal, and business | 1 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 18 | 4.50 | 96.67 |
Take initiative to proactively solve problems | 0 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 15 | 4.47 | 96.67 |
Demonstrate the interpersonal skills necessary to build a personal and professional network of peers that can be leveraged in a variety of situations | 1 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 16 | 4.43 | 96.67 |
Give of their time and talents | 0 | 0 | 2 | 14 | 14 | 4.40 | 96.67 |
Evaluate self-performance | 0 | 0 | 3 | 13 | 14 | 4.37 | 96.67 |
Demonstrate critical thinking by challenging existing ways of thinking | 0 | 1 | 3 | 13 | 13 | 4.27 | 96.67 |
Demonstrate critical thinking by integrating multiple perspectives and systems | 0 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 14 | 4.27 | 96.67 |
Demonstrate an awareness of public issues through, reading, research, questioning and writing | 1 | 0 | 4 | 11 | 14 | 4.23 | 96.67 |
Build better teams based on team members’ strengths | 0 | 1 | 2 | 17 | 10 | 4.20 | 96.67 |
Be attentive to group process, by being aware of the stages of group growth and drawing out feedback from all group members | 1 | 1 | 6 | 9 | 13 | 4.07 | 96.67 |
Demonstrate stewardship | 1 | 1 | 3 | 17 | 8 | 4.00 | 96.67 |
Demonstrate an ability to think globally and act locally | 0 | 0 | 4 | 11 | 14 | 4.34 | 96.55 |
Take accountability for their actions | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 21 | 4.70 | 93.33 |
Expand networks and connections to have greater influence as local leaders | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 19 | 4.63 | 93.33 |
Demonstrate lifelong learning through continued personal and professional development | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 19 | 4.60 | 93.33 |
Make decisions in an ethical and values based manner by being inclusive, constructive, and enabling | 0 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 16 | 4.50 | 93.33 |
Expand networks and connections to have greater influence as state/province/territory leaders | 0 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 16 | 4.50 | 93.33 |
Demonstrate competence by expanding and improving knowledge and skills needed to be a responsive leader | 0 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 16 | 4.47 | 93.33 |
Foster deep networks within stakeholder groups both inside and outside of the agricultural industry | 0 | 0 | 4 | 9 | 17 | 4.43 | 93.33 |
Recognize contributions of others by showing appreciation for individual excellence | 0 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 15 | 4.43 | 93.33 |
Demonstrate clear personal values, set an example by aligning actions with shared values | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 16 | 4.40 | 93.33 |
Influence policy makers | 0 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 13 | 4.40 | 93.33 |
Identify state/province/territory issues and recognize the social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental connections | 0 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 13 | 4.40 | 93.33 |
Stay informed on state/province/territory agricultural issues | 0 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 12 | 4.37 | 93.33 |
Stay informed on the political process | 0 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 12 | 4.37 | 93.33 |
Identify innovative solutions to challenges | 0 | 0 | 2 | 15 | 13 | 4.37 | 93.33 |
Identify local issues and recognize the social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental connections | 0 | 0 | 3 | 14 | 13 | 4.33 | 93.33 |
Confident working with the media | 0 | 1 | 0 | 19 | 10 | 4.27 | 93.33 |
Apply unique talents purposefully | 0 | 2 | 1 | 15 | 12 | 4.23 | 93.33 |
Participate in local leadership positions | 0 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 12 | 4.23 | 93.33 |
Able to analyze a public or organizational issue and determine a plan of action | 0 | 0 | 2 | 19 | 9 | 4.23 | 93.33 |
Understand the legislative process at the national level | 0 | 1 | 1 | 18 | 10 | 4.23 | 93.33 |
Able to lead groups to a common end | 0 | 0 | 4 | 16 | 10 | 4.20 | 93.33 |
Demonstrate inspired motivation to lead and persuade others | 1 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 9 | 4.20 | 93.33 |
Demonstrate public issues knowledge | 0 | 0 | 3 | 19 | 8 | 4.17 | 93.33 |
Understand the legislative process at the state/province/territory level | 0 | 1 | 1 | 20 | 8 | 4.17 | 93.33 |
Lead diverse groups, organizations, and communities in developing solutions to address local challenges | 0 | 0 | 4 | 18 | 8 | 4.13 | 93.33 |
Demonstrate advocacy skills | 0 | 2 | 3 | 15 | 10 | 4.10 | 93.33 |
Mentor others to improve their skills and apply them to leadership roles | 0 | 1 | 5 | 17 | 7 | 4.00 | 93.33 |
Demonstrate proficiency in communication skills through effective public speaking | 0 | 1 | 1 | 14 | 14 | 4.37 | 93.10 |
Demonstrate an ability to be adaptable and collaborative by negotiating and resolving conflict | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 14 | 4.33 | 93.10 |
Demonstrate a broadened perspective on major issues affecting agriculture | 0 | 0 | 4 | 15 | 11 | 4.23 | 93.10 |
Stay informed on local agricultural issues | 0 | 0 | 3 | 13 | 14 | 4.37 | 92.86 |
Develop, refine, and use networks appropriately and effectively | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 22 | 4.73 | 90.00 |
Enable others to act—strengthen others by sharing power and discretion | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 16 | 4.53 | 90.00 |
Demonstrate an ability to be adaptable and collaborative by working with diversity | 0 | 0 | 3 | 11 | 16 | 4.43 | 90.00 |
Act reflectively and openly to learning while seeking wisdom | 0 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 17 | 4.40 | 90.00 |
Create and communicate a vision for the future of an organization or community | 0 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 15 | 4.40 | 90.00 |
Expand understanding of global economic, political, cultural, and social systems and how they affect agriculture | 0 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 15 | 4.40 | 90.00 |
Become more involved in the community | 0 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 15 | 4.40 | 90.00 |
Create and communicate a vision for the future of an organization or community | 0 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 15 | 4.30 | 90.00 |
Identify national issues and recognize the social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental connections | 0 | 0 | 3 | 13 | 14 | 4.37 | 90.00 |
Able to make sound and reasonable verbal arguments | 0 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 13 | 4.37 | 90.00 |
Demonstrate an attitude of servant leadership | 1 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 17 | 4.37 | 90.00 |
Influence local public policy | 0 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 12 | 4.37 | 90.00 |
Facilitate discussions between individuals | 0 | 0 | 3 | 14 | 13 | 4.33 | 90.00 |
High level of self-efficacy, able to produce desired results and make change happen | 1 | 0 | 2 | 14 | 13 | 4.27 | 90.00 |
Work within local, state/province/territory and national government structures to shape opinions and advocate policy | 0 | 1 | 3 | 13 | 12 | 4.24 | 90.00 |
Demonstrate an ability to tap all resources available to tackle an issue | 0 | 0 | 4 | 15 | 11 | 4.23 | 90.00 |
Understand the legislative process at the local level | 0 | 1 | 2 | 18 | 8 | 4.14 | 90.00 |
Be an active participant in community activities | 0 | 1 | 7 | 13 | 9 | 4.00 | 90.00 |
Deep listening skills | 0 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 19 | 4.57 | 86.67 |
Demonstrate a respect for conflict as a means to learn, grow, and change | 0 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 17 | 4.50 | 86.67 |
Demonstrate initiative through the ability to make things happen | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 13 | 4.43 | 86.67 |
Able to deal with conflict as it relates to various opinions around agriculture and environmental issues | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 12 | 4.40 | 86.67 |
Effective advocate for agriculture | 0 | 0 | 4 | 10 | 16 | 4.40 | 86.67 |
Expand understanding of national economic, political, cultural, and social systems and how they affect agriculture | 0 | 0 | 4 | 11 | 15 | 4.37 | 86.67 |
Develop networks with program alumni who care about the agricultural industry | 0 | 0 | 4 | 13 | 13 | 4.30 | 86.67 |
Engage in collaborative decision making and creative problem solving with agriculture as a context for broader issues | 0 | 1 | 2 | 14 | 13 | 4.30 | 86.67 |
Stay informed on national agricultural issues | 0 | 0 | 3 | 16 | 11 | 4.27 | 86.67 |
Participate in community groups | 0 | 0 | 4 | 15 | 11 | 4.23 | 86.67 |
Able to lead individuals to a common end | 0 | 0 | 2 | 19 | 9 | 4.23 | 86.67 |
Act inclusively with others | 1 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 14 | 4.23 | 86.67 |
Participate in interest (commodity, association) groups | 0 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 12 | 4.23 | 86.67 |
Stay informed on global agricultural issues | 0 | 0 | 3 | 18 | 9 | 4.20 | 86.67 |
Demonstrate the ability to be persuasive | 0 | 1 | 1 | 19 | 9 | 4.20 | 86.67 |
Influence state/province/territory public policy | 0 | 0 | 1 | 22 | 7 | 4.20 | 86.67 |
Identify international issues and recognize the social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental connections | 0 | 0 | 3 | 18 | 9 | 4.20 | 86.67 |
Act empathetically | 0 | 1 | 6 | 13 | 10 | 4.07 | 86.21 |
Demonstrate the skills necessary to act as a leader within the agricultural industry | 1 | 0 | 4 | 11 | 14 | 4.23 | 83.33 |
Set goals consistently and make them measurable | 0 | 0 | 4 | 15 | 11 | 4.23 | 83.33 |
Act as a resource for the local agricultural industry | 0 | 1 | 4 | 15 | 10 | 4.13 | 83.33 |
Serve as recognizable ambassador for agriculture | 0 | 0 | 7 | 12 | 11 | 4.13 | 83.33 |
Active civic engagement | 1 | 0 | 4 | 14 | 11 | 4.13 | 83.33 |
Demonstrate an awareness of agriculture on an international level | 0 | 0 | 6 | 15 | 9 | 4.10 | 83.33 |
Understand the political scene and political decision making process at all levels | 0 | 2 | 2 | 17 | 9 | 4.10 | 83.33 |
Able to make sound and reasonable written arguments | 0 | 2 | 3 | 15 | 10 | 4.10 | 83.33 |
Demonstrate persistence in overcoming defeats | 0 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 8 | 4.07 | 83.33 |
Lead diverse groups, organizations, and communities in developing solutions to address state/province/territory challenges | 0 | 0 | 5 | 18 | 7 | 4.07 | 83.33 |
Be involved in the policy process at the local level | 0 | 1 | 3 | 17 | 9 | 4.13 | 80.00 |
Act as a resource for the state/province/territory agricultural industry | 0 | 1 | 4 | 15 | 10 | 4.13 | 80.00 |
Comfortable educating media, urban audiences, decision makers, and others on issues affecting agricultural issues | 0 | 2 | 3 | 14 | 11 | 4.13 | 80.00 |
Participate in state/province/territory leadership positions | 0 | 1 | 4 | 18 | 7 | 4.03 | 80.00 |
Demonstrate critical thinking by tolerating paradox and ambiguity | 0 | 1 | 6 | 15 | 8 | 4.00 | 79.31 |
Navigate shifting social, environmental, business, political and structural drivers shaping the agricultural industry | 1 | 0 | 4 | 16 | 9 | 4.07 | 76.67 |
Demonstrate passion and excitement for the agricultural industry | 1 | 0 | 7 | 11 | 11 | 4.03 | 75.86 |
Influence national public policy | 0 | 0 | 3 | 20 | 6 | 4.10 | 73.33 |
Place service to others above self | 0 | 1 | 5 | 14 | 10 | 4.10 | 73.33 |
Have a voice in agriculture and educate about agricultural industry | 0 | 2 | 5 | 13 | 10 | 4.03 | 73.33 |
Demonstrate enthusiasm about the agricultural industry | 0 | 1 | 7 | 13 | 9 | 4.00 | 73.33 |
Be involved in the policy process at the state/province/territory level | 0 | 1 | 4 | 18 | 7 | 4.03 | 70.00 |
Are ambitious in their actions | 0 | 2 | 6 | 11 | 11 | 4.03 | 63.33 |
Themes | Subthemes | Behaviors |
---|---|---|
Action | Advocacy | Effective advocate for agriculture; Work within local, state/province/territory and national government structures to shape opinions and advocate policy; Work within local, state/province/territory and national government structures to shape opinions and advocate policy related to agriculture and the environment |
Assume Leadership Roles and Increase Involvement | Act as a resource for the local agricultural industry; Give of their time and talents; Participate in community groups; Participate in interest (commodity, association) groups | |
Mentorship | Mentor others to improve their skills and apply them to leadership roles | |
Networking | Develop networks with program alumni who care about the agricultural industry; Develop, refine, and use networks appropriately and effectively; Expand networks and connections to have greater influence as local leaders; Expand networks and connections to have greater influence as state/province/territory leaders; Foster deep networks within stakeholder groups both inside and outside of the agricultural industry | |
Political And Civic Engagement | Active civic engagement; Expand understanding of global economic, political, cultural, and social systems and how they affect agriculture; Expand understanding of national economic, political, cultural, and social systems and how they affect agriculture | |
Serve As a Resource | Apply unique talents purposefully; Assess financial and market viability of an organization | |
Change | Change Agent | Act as an agent of change; Create new approaches/ideas |
Innovation | Be open to new ideas; Challenge the process—seek innovative ways to change, grow, and improve; Identify innovative solutions to challenges | |
Risk-Taking | Demonstrate a willingness to take risks and try new ideas and approaches; View challenges as something to be mastered rather than avoided | |
Self-Efficacy | Believe in my ability to succeed or perform well; High level of self-efficacy, able to produce desired results and make change happen | |
Communication | Listening | Active listening skills; Facilitate discussions between individuals |
Media Relations | Confident working with the media | |
Persuasive Speaking | Demonstrate proficiency in communication skills through effective public speaking; Demonstrate the ability to be persuasive | |
Written And Oral | Able to make sound and reasonable verbal arguments; Able to make sound and reasonable written arguments; Comfortable using various communication technologies, including social media | |
Critical Thinking, Strategic Planning and Visioning | Critical Thinking | Demonstrate an ability to seek out multiple views and take a strategic overview; Demonstrate critical thinking by asking appropriate questions and applying reflective thinking skills to find solutions; Demonstrate critical thinking by challenging existing ways of thinking; Demonstrate critical thinking by integrating multiple perspectives and systems |
Decision Making | Able to analyze a public or organizational issue and determine a plan of action; Demonstrate an ability to act decisively | |
Global And Systems Thinking | Demonstrate an ability to think globally and act locally; Demonstrate an awareness of agriculture on an international level; Identify international issues and recognize the social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental connections; Identify local issues and recognize the social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental connections; Identify national issues and recognize the social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental connections; Identify state/province/territory issues and recognize the social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental connections | |
Goal Setting (Or Visioning) | Communicate a vision for the future of an organization or community; Facilitate creation of a vision for the future of an organization or community; Set goals consistently and make them measurable | |
Problem Solving | Demonstrate problem-solving skills; Engage in collaborative decision making and creative problem solving | |
Stakeholder Assessment | Assess the impact of your actions on the various stakeholders involved | |
Interpersonal Trait and Characteristic | Confidence | Confident in self and abilities; Confident to step forward into a leadership role at the organization, local, state/province/territory, national or international level |
Empathetic | Act empathetically; Respect others opinions | |
Ethical | Make decisions in an ethical and values based manner by being inclusive, constructive, and enabling | |
Initiative | Demonstrate initiative through the ability to make things happen; Take initiative to proactively solve problems | |
Integrity | Act with integrity; Lead by example; Take accountability for actions of self and organization | |
Life-Long Learning | Demonstrate a broadened perspective on major issues affecting agriculture; Demonstrate competence by expanding and improving knowledge and skills needed to be a responsive leader; Demonstrate life-long learning through continued personal and professional development | |
Motivation | Demonstrate inspired motivation to lead and persuade others | |
Self- Awareness | Demonstrate the interpersonal skills necessary to build a personal and professional network of peers that can be leveraged in a variety of situations; Evaluate self-performance; Know personal strengths and weaknesses; Seek wisdom through reflection and openness to learning; Self-aware of individual skills: life, interpersonal, and business; Self-aware of leadership behaviors, strengths, and areas for improvement | |
Understanding And Appreciating Diversity | Able to appreciate different perspectives and opinions as well as an openness to differences; Act inclusively with others; Adaptable and collaborative and can work with diversity; Demonstrate an ability to be adaptable and collaborative by working with diversity | |
Leadership Skill | Conflict Management | Able to deal with conflict as it relates to various opinions around agriculture and environmental issues; Demonstrate a respect for conflict as a means to learn, grow, and change; Demonstrate an ability to be adaptable and collaborative by negotiating and resolving conflict |
Fostering And Enabling Others | Delegate responsibilities when appropriate; Demonstrate the skills necessary to act as a leader within the agricultural industry; Enable others to act—strengthen others by sharing power and discretion; Lead diverse groups, organizations, and communities in developing solutions to address local challenges; Lead diverse groups, organizations, and communities in developing solutions to address state/province/territory challenges | |
Issue Awareness | Demonstrate an awareness of public issues through, reading, research, questioning and writing; Stay informed on global, national, state/province/territory, local agricultural issues | |
Political Process Awareness | Assess the political scene and political decision making process at all levels; Understand the legislative process at the local, state/province/territory, national level | |
Recognizing Values | Demonstrate clear personal values, set an example by aligning actions with common values of organization; Demonstrate stewardship | |
Leadership Process | Collaboration | Able to lead individuals and groups to a common end; Demonstrate an ability to tap all resources available to tackle an issue |
Group/Team Dynamics | Be attentive to group process, by being aware of the stages of group growth and drawing out feedback from all group members; Build better teams based on team members’ strengths; Recognize contributions of others by showing appreciation for individual excellence | |
Influence | Influence local, state/province/territory public policy; Influence policy makers | |
Servant Leadership | Demonstrate an attitude of servant leadership | |
Trust Building | Foster collaboration by building trust and promoting cooperative goals |
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© 2023 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Lamm, K.W. Issue Leadership: Establishing a Domain for a Food Systems Leadership Model. Foods 2023, 12, 2598. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12132598
Lamm KW. Issue Leadership: Establishing a Domain for a Food Systems Leadership Model. Foods. 2023; 12(13):2598. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12132598
Chicago/Turabian StyleLamm, Kevan W. 2023. "Issue Leadership: Establishing a Domain for a Food Systems Leadership Model" Foods 12, no. 13: 2598. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12132598