Consumer Choices and Habits Related to Tea Consumption by Poles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Collection
2.2. Questionnaire
2.3. Characteristics of Respondents
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Type, Frequency, and Place of Tea Consumption
3.2. Factors Determining the Choice of Tea
3.3. The Methods of Preparing and the Kind of Tea Used by Respondents
3.4. Knowledge about Tea by Respondents
3.5. Clusters and the Impact of Demographics on Consumer Behavior
4. Discussion
4.1. Type, Frequency, and Place of Tea Consumption
4.2. Factors Determining the Choice of Tea
4.3. The Methods of Preparing and the Kind of Tea Used by Respondents
4.4. Knowledge about Tea by Respondents
4.5. Limitation
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Population Features | Group | Number of Respondents (n) | Percentage of Respondents (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Total | - | 1700 | 100.0 |
Gender | women | 1298 | 76.4 |
men | 402 | 23.6 | |
Age | 18–24 years old | 731 | 43.0 |
25–40 years old | 611 | 35.9 | |
41–60 years old | 285 | 16.8 | |
61–75 years old | 73 | 4.3 | |
Education | vocational or primary school | 193 | 11.4 |
secondary school | 466 | 27.4 | |
higher education (university) | 1041 | 61.2 | |
Dwelling place | village | 440 | 25.9 |
city below 20,000 inhabitants | 179 | 10.5 | |
city between 20,000–100,000 inhabitants | 294 | 17.3 | |
city over 100,000 inhabitants | 787 | 46.3 | |
Financial status | below average (poor) | 66 | 3.9 |
average | 754 | 44.3 | |
over average (good) | 698 | 41.1 | |
very good | 182 | 10.7 |
Tea | Respondents | Average * ± SD | Median * | Q25 | Q75 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | |||||
White tea | 720 | 42.4 | 1.9 ± 1.4 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Green tea | 1422 | 83.7 | 3.4 ± 1.8 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
Oolong tea | 370 | 21.8 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Black tea | 1512 | 88.9 | 4.4 ± 2.0 | 5 | 3 | 6 |
Red tea (pu-erh) | 774 | 45.5 | 1.9 ± 1.3 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Aromatic tea | 1269 | 74.6 | 3.3 ± 1.9 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
Other, understood by respondents as tea | ||||||
Yerba mate | 557 | 32.8 | 1.7 ± 1.4 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
“Fruit tea” | 1301 | 76.5 | 3.1 ± 1.8 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
“Herbal tea” | 1278 | 75.2 | 3.2 ± 1.9 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
Preferences | Respondents | Preferences | Respondents | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | ||
Water used to brewing | Pay attention to way of brewing | ||||
Tap water from water supply | 931 | 54.8 | Yes | 547 | 32.18 |
Oligocene water | 32 | 1.9 | No | 514 | 30.24 |
Mineral water no sparkling | 53 | 3.1 | Sometimes | 639 | 37.59 |
Filtered water | 684 | 40.2 | |||
The amount of tea for 1 cup/glass (200 mL water) | Preferred brewing time | ||||
Less than 1 teaspoon (<2 g) | 318 | 18.7 | Less than 3 min | 478 | 28.1 |
1 teaspoon (2 g) | 811 | 47.7 | 3 min | 396 | 23.3 |
1.5 teaspoon (3 g) | 338 | 19.9 | 4 min | 210 | 12.4 |
2 teaspoon (4 g) | 129 | 7.6 | 5 min | 207 | 12.2 |
other | 104 | 6.1 | 6 min | 40 | 2.4 |
- | - | - | over 6 min | 130 | 7.6 |
- | - | - | I don’t know, it isn’t important for me | 239 | 14.1 |
Respondents’ Opinion/Knowledge | Average * ± SD | Median * |
---|---|---|
Drinking about 450 mL of tea a day reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases | 0.41 ± 0.70 | 0 |
Tea lowers blood pressure | 0.23 ± 0.68 | 0 |
Drinking green tea reduces the risk of osteoporosis | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0 |
Tea reduces the risk of hyperlipidemia (high blood lipids) | 0.23 ± 0.61 | 0 |
Strong tea drink before going to sleep makes it difficult to fall asleep | 0.50 ± 1.10 | 1 |
The greatest amounts of components that have a beneficial effect on the human body are found in white and green tea | 0.56 ± 0.91 | 0 |
Drinking too much tea can cause kidney stones | 0.16 ± 0.86 | 0 |
Green tea reduces the appetite | 0.13 ± 0.88 | 0 |
Cluster | n | Cl01 | Cl02 | Cl03 | Cl04 | Cl05 | Cl06 | Cl07 | Cl08 | Cl09 | Cl10 | Gender | Age | Dwelling Place | Financial Situation | Education | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 159 | Me | 1 | 1.08 | 1 | 1.36 | 1.75 | 2.50 | 5 | 2 | 3.6 | 0.29 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
IQR | 1 | 0.05 | 1 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.75 | 2 | 2 | 1.8 | 0.43 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
2 | 159 | Me | 3 | 1.10 | 5 | 1.43 | 1.75 | 2.75 | 2 | 2 | 4.0 | 0.29 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
IQR | 3 | 0.10 | 2 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.75 | 3 | 3 | 1.6 | 0.57 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
3 | 180 | Me | 4 | 1.10 | 1 | 1.43 | 1.75 | 2.50 | 2 | 2 | 4.0 | 0.29 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
IQR | 2 | 0.08 | 1 | 0.29 | 0.17 | 0.75 | 1 | 1 | 1.6 | 0.57 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||
4 | 286 | Me | 1 | 1.08 | 1 | 1.36 | 1.75 | 2.50 | 1 | 3 | 3.4 | 0.29 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
IQR | 1 | 0.08 | 1 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.75 | 1 | 1 | 1.4 | 0.57 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||
5 | 766 | Me | 1 | 1.08 | 1 | 1.36 | 1.75 | 2.50 | 1 | 1 | 3.2 | 0.14 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
IQR | 1 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.75 | 1 | 1 | 1.4 | 0.57 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||
6 | 150 | Me | 1 | 1.08 | 1 | 1.36 | 1.71 | 2.50 | 1 | 6 | 3.4 | 0.14 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
IQR | 1 | 0.08 | 1 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.75 | 1 | 0 | 1.4 | 0.71 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
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Czarniecka-Skubina, E.; Korzeniowska-Ginter, R.; Pielak, M.; Sałek, P.; Owczarek, T.; Kozak, A. Consumer Choices and Habits Related to Tea Consumption by Poles. Foods 2022, 11, 2873. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11182873
Czarniecka-Skubina E, Korzeniowska-Ginter R, Pielak M, Sałek P, Owczarek T, Kozak A. Consumer Choices and Habits Related to Tea Consumption by Poles. Foods. 2022; 11(18):2873. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11182873
Chicago/Turabian StyleCzarniecka-Skubina, Ewa, Renata Korzeniowska-Ginter, Marlena Pielak, Piotr Sałek, Tomasz Owczarek, and Agata Kozak. 2022. "Consumer Choices and Habits Related to Tea Consumption by Poles" Foods 11, no. 18: 2873. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11182873