The Impact of COVID-19 on Food Stockpiling Behavior over Time in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Methodology
3.1. Survey Design
3.2. Model Specification
4. Data Collection and Description
4.1. Data Collection
4.2. Data Description
5. Results
5.1. Motivations of Food Stockpiling
5.2. Consumers’ Perception of the Risk and Duration of COVID-19
5.3. Consumer Food Stockpiling Behavior
5.4. Factors Influencing Consumer Food Stockpiling Behavior
5.5. Factors Affecting the Changes in Stockpiling
6. Conclusions and Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Definition |
---|---|
The scale of food reserves | How many days’ fresh food reserves do you stockpile now? (1 day, 3 days, 5 days, one week, two weeks, three weeks, and one month) |
Motivations | What are your motivations for food stockpiling? (Fighting against rising food prices, Avoiding shortage, Pursuing ease, Going out less) |
Perceived risk of infection | How likely do you think you are to be infected with COVID-19? (5-point Likert scale: 1 = low risk, 5 = high risk) |
Perceived severity of pandemic | How severe do you think the pandemic is in China? (5-point Likert scale: 1 = not very severe, 5 = very severe) |
Duration | How long do you think the epidemic will last from now? (number of months) |
Food stockpiling habit before the pandemic | How many days’ fresh food reserves did you used to stockpile before COVID-19? (1 day, 3 days, 5 days, one week, two weeks, three weeks, and one month) |
Survey | Date | Major Event Related to COVID-19 |
---|---|---|
survey_round 1 | 20–28 December 2020 | |
survey_round 2 | 20–23 January 2021 | A new wave of COVID-19 cases in China’s Hebei Province in Jan 2021. |
survey_round 3 | 19–23 March 2021 | |
survey_round 4 | 20–23 April 2021 | |
survey_round 5 | 27–28 May 2021 | |
survey_round 6 | 19–20 July 2021 |
Sample Variable | 2020.12 (N = 322) | 2021.01 (N = 418) | 2021.03 (N = 355) | 2021.04 (N = 364) | 2021.05 (N = 317) | 2021.07 (N = 323) | Pooled Sample (N = 2099) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender: | |||||||
Male | 41.61 | 49.76 | 44.79 | 45.6 | 48.58 | 47.37 | 46.4 |
Female | 58.39 | 50.24 | 55.21 | 54.4 | 51.42 | 52.63 | 53.6 |
Age: | 30.94 | 31 | 30.46 | 30.63 | 31.51 | 31.01 | 30.91 |
Education level: | |||||||
≤12 years | 13.04 | 7.18 | 5.92 | 7.97 | 6.31 | 9.91 | 8.29 |
13–16 years | 73.91 | 84.21 | 84.79 | 81.87 | 84.54 | 81.11 | 81.9 |
>16 years | 13.04 | 8.61 | 9.3 | 10.16 | 9.15 | 8.98 | 9.81 |
Family monthly income: | |||||||
<4000 yuan | 5.9 | 3.11 | 5.07 | 4.95 | 3.79 | 4.64 | 4.53 |
4001–8000 yuan | 17.08 | 18.18 | 16.9 | 16.48 | 12.93 | 14.86 | 16.2 |
8001–12,000 yuan | 23.29 | 24.4 | 22.82 | 22.53 | 21.14 | 22.6 | 22.87 |
12,001–16,000 yuan | 21.12 | 18.42 | 20.56 | 23.63 | 24.61 | 20.74 | 21.39 |
16,001–20,000 yuan | 10.87 | 19.86 | 14.08 | 15.38 | 18.61 | 14.55 | 15.72 |
20,001–24,000 yuan | 11.49 | 7.89 | 11.27 | 10.44 | 12.3 | 13 | 10.91 |
≥24,001 yuan | 10.25 | 8.13 | 9.3 | 6.59 | 6.62 | 9.6 | 8.38 |
Children under 12 years old: | |||||||
No | 40.99 | 44.74 | 34.37 | 41.48 | 31.55 | 32.82 | 38.02 |
Yes | 59.01 | 55.26 | 65.63 | 58.52 | 68.45 | 67.18 | 61.98 |
Variables | Model (1) | Model (2) |
---|---|---|
Fighting against rising food prices | 0.110 | 0.185 |
(0.117) | (0.173) | |
Avoiding shortage | 0.780 *** | 0.931 *** |
(0.115) | (0.171) | |
Pursuing ease | 0.471 *** | 0.672 *** |
(0.107) | (0.159) | |
Going out less | 0.216 * | −0.196 |
(0.113) | (0.167) | |
Perceived severity of the pandemic | 0.298 *** | 0.468 *** |
(0.071) | (0.106) | |
Duration | 0.00529 | −0.00447 |
(0.005) | (0.007) | |
Food stockpiling habit before the pandemic | 1.020 *** | |
(0.022) | ||
Female | 0.215 ** | 0.404 ** |
(0.106) | (0.157) | |
Age | 0.00162 | −0.00852 |
(0.007) | (0.010) | |
Education level | −0.0781 | 0.292 |
(0.136) | (0.200) | |
Income | −0.0158 | −0.0491 |
(0.034) | (0.051) | |
survey_round2 | 0.760 *** | 0.695 *** |
(0.181) | (0.267) | |
survey_round3 | 0.322 * | 0.34 |
(0.188) | (0.279) | |
survey_round4 | 0.349 * | 0.132 |
(0.188) | (0.278) | |
survey_round5 | 0.319 | −0.0254 |
(0.197) | (0.292) | |
survey_round6 | 0.226 | 0.208 |
(0.196) | (0.291) | |
R-sq | 0.58 | 0.078 |
Adjusted R-sq | 0.576 | 0.07 |
AIC | 7870.1 | 9265 |
BIC | 7963.4 | 9352.8 |
Count Model | Zero Group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Coefficient | SE | Coefficient | SE |
Fighting against rising food prices | 0.097 | 0.070 | −0.053 | 0.140 |
Avoiding shortage | 0.272 *** | 0.071 | −0.741 *** | 0.139 |
Pursuing ease | 0.029 | 0.067 | −0.838 *** | 0.134 |
Going out less | −0.100 | 0.069 | −0.604 *** | 0.134 |
Perceived severity of pandemic | 0.168 *** | 0.040 | −0.224 *** | 0.082 |
Duration | 0.002 | 0.003 | −0.005 | 0.006 |
Female | 0.116 * | 0.066 | −0.093 | 0.127 |
Age | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.012 | 0.008 |
Education level | 0.017 | 0.087 | 0.212 | 0.166 |
Income | −0.055 ** | 0.022 | −0.053 | 0.044 |
Child | 0.131 * | 0.074 | −0.228 * | 0.138 |
Time | 0.058 | 0.104 | −0.403 ** | 0.188 |
Time × time | −0.007 | 0.015 | 0.059 ** | 0.026 |
Constant | 0.165 | 0.328 | 1.913 *** | 0.634 |
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Wang, E.; Gao, Z. The Impact of COVID-19 on Food Stockpiling Behavior over Time in China. Foods 2021, 10, 3076. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10123076
Wang E, Gao Z. The Impact of COVID-19 on Food Stockpiling Behavior over Time in China. Foods. 2021; 10(12):3076. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10123076
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Erpeng, and Zhifeng Gao. 2021. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Food Stockpiling Behavior over Time in China" Foods 10, no. 12: 3076. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10123076
APA StyleWang, E., & Gao, Z. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 on Food Stockpiling Behavior over Time in China. Foods, 10(12), 3076. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10123076