Reviewing the State-of-the-Art of Smart Cities in Portugal: Evidence Based on Content Analysis of a Portuguese Magazine
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Research Questions and Design
3.2. Sample Characterization
3.3. Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Portugal Overview
4.2. Smart City Initiatives in Portugal
4.3. Identification of the Magazine’ Contributors
4.4. Evolution of the Concept
4.5. Challenges and the Role of the Government
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Nr | Date | Title | Subtitle | Keywords on the Cover | Foreword |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 | Jan/Feb 2015 | Barcelona | Gaudí, Las Ramblas, history, tapas, and football give soul to Europe’s Innovation capital. Benvingut to Catalonia! | PlanIT Valley reborn; Do we have a Smart Government? Trends for 2015; Digital health in Europe | Smart Cities: Freedom and Inclusion |
5 | Mar/April 2015 | Urban Art | The streets are colorful, touristic, and supportive. Embraced by cities, street art is revolutionizing public space. Meet the new urban galleries. | To Uber ride; Energy-Producing Citizens; Mobile: The Hyperconnected World; Fiware, APPs for all | Cities with Soul |
6 | May/June 2015 | Do It Yourself | Fablabs are bringing the workshops back to the cities. | Budapest is changing; Is there strike? Lost Lisbon; Cities 2020 | 365 |
7 | Jul/Aug 2015 | Do you still use cash? | Payments via the smartphone will give vacation to your wallet. Discover the cashless world. | Internet of Things; Street Food; Technological Coruña; Is your cell phone broke? | The arrogance we lack |
8 | Sep/Oct 2015 | There are tourists in the neighborhood | Millions arrive to get to know our cities. Lisbon and Porto are the world tourism center, but will it be possible to host, in the historical streets, the tradition, visitors, and residents? | Art in the City; New Orleans; Autonomous Cars; Tech Giants | What is, after all, a smart city? Does anyone know? |
9 | Nov/Dec 2015 | Lisbon Hub for innovation | Lisbon is the scene of a creative explosion never seen before, which gives visibility to the city and Portugal worldwide. Irresistible to innovation, the portuguese capital is convincing. | Fragmented Brussels; Towards Barcelona; Survive the Climate; Amadora in cartoon | The constant that makes the wills move |
10 | Jan/Feb/Mar 2016 | Do you trade with me? | From time banks to Airbnb, a new form of economics wants to change the world. However, what is this phenomenon of the Sharing Economy after all? | Around the World; Benita Matosfka; Thinking the light; Smart Homes | Zoom to ZOOM |
11 | Apr/May/Jun 2016 | Vegetable gardens in the City, do you already have yours? | More and more people are dedicated to urban agriculture, and cities can only gain from it. | Portugal Summit; Sharing Cities; Goal: Decarbonization | Simplicity |
12 | Jul/Aug/Sept 2016 | #Citizen | Collaborating and co-creating are the keywords of today’s urban leaders. A new form of citizenship is gaining momentum, and they are all summoned! | Right to the city; Venice Biennial; Zoom Smart Cities; Saskia Sassen | Numb European Innovation |
13 | Oct/Nov/Dec 2016 | Cycling in the city | Bicycles are fashionable and exist for all tastes. The two wheels are conquering more fans, and cities are contributing to it. | Urban Identity; Smart Portugal; Industry 4.0 | Architects and Smart Cities |
14 | Jan/Feb/Mar 2017 | Change of life | When it comes to choosing a destination to live in, it is not just the big cities with the upper hand. In an intelligent approach, smaller territories are gaining prominence. | Economy 360; Songdo, U-city; DREAM; Smart@PT | 2017, the “year zero” of smart cities in Portugal |
15 | Apr/May/Jun 2017 | Old, like us | The aging of the population is one of the most significant challenges of our century. Cities have to adapt to the needs of older people and learn to take advantage of the much they have to offer. | Pedal deliveries; Digital democracy; Urban Melodies | Smart cities a dream that could become a nightmare |
16 | Jul/Aug/Sept 2017 | Where do you train? | From private gyms to public spaces, there is more and more options to choose. Cities are committed to getting their citizens into training. | Bike Holidays; Happiness in the City; The Future of Water | From Matrix to the city you experience |
17 | Oct/Nov/Dec 2017 | Welcome to the Electric Era | Cars, buses, scooters, etc. The era of electric mobility is coming. May this transformation help to return cities to people? | Best Practices; Varanasi, Light City; Klaus Bondam | No room for manoeuvre |
18 | Jan/Feb/Mar 2018 | Cities under pressure | In Portugal, the drought of recent months has soared the bell: water is not a certainty. In our cities, water management goes far beyond saving on tap. | Lisbon Beer District; Chuck Wolfe; Moscow | What is a smart city?... Again! |
19 | Apr/May/Jun 2018 | Ensemble Music, Art, Territory | More than music shows, festivals are a point of communion between economic development, arts, and territories’ identity. | Bettina Tratz-Ryan; Ticketing; New Digital Agreement | Break barriers and abandon old habits |
20 | Jul/Aug/Sept 2018 | Portugal Smart Destination | Smart tourism is a great opportunity, and cities are learning to take advantage of it. Learn how. | Parking; Architechture | Who got the highest card? |
21 | Oct/Nov/Dec 2018 | People on the move | The latest mobility trends bring innovative and more sustainable modes to urban space, but their success always depends on planning. | Human Rights; Urban Mobility; Happiness | Commitment |
22 | Jan/Feb/Mar 2019 | Brake on waste | The circular economy comes not only from the separation and recycling of waste but also from sharing and a new approach to consumption. | Hi-Tech Health; Central Madrid; Smart City Expo | Self-help for sustainability |
23 | Apr/May/Jun 2019 | The City that makes you happy | The secret to happiness is also in cities. Learn how to find it. | Authentic Urbanism; Transports; Charles Montgomery | Cities that generate happiness |
24 | Jul/Aug/Sept 2019 | Electrical mobility connected to the mains | While we change fuel, cities prepare to be the stage of the great energy transition. | Special Mobility; Portugal Smart Cities Summit; Co-Project Farm | Act against the “normal” |
25 | Oct/Nov/Dec 2019 | Green, city color | Green spaces bring ecological, economic, and social benefits to communities. Regain the link between man and the nature of urban areas can be crucial to surviving the climate crisis. | From mobility to planning; Urban art | Abandon what no longer serves |
26 | Jan/Feb/Mar 2020 | Can we still inhabit the City? | Learn how real estate pressure and tourism are driving the Portuguese away from urban centers. | Karin Zauner-Lohmeyer; City Changers; Barcelona Fair | A new mission |
27 | Apr/May/Jun 2020 | Post-pandemic: a new urban era? | With the streets empty, the confinement period proved to be an opportunity to rethink the urban space. The future could bring a disruption in the city life as we know it: more technologies, leveraged by the arrival of 5G, and urban planning that claims space to cars, to allow the physical distancing of pedestrians and cyclists. | Innovation to 5G hitchhiking; Urban Mobility; Buy Innovation | Decisions |
28 | Jul/Aug/Sept 2020 | Innovation vs Covid-19 | In the fight against the virus, co-creation in technological and social innovation has marked the response of the Portuguese. | Richard Florida; Environmental Justice; Place Healing | From pride to humility |
29 | Oct/Nov/Dec 2020 | The health of our homes | Cold, humidity, lack of natural light, or exposure to outside noise are weaknesses that affect the homes of the Portuguese people. Energy rehabilitation is the key to more comfort and well-being within buildings, while contributing to urban sustainability. | Isabel Ferreira; Regional Innovation; Territorial Cohesion | The discomfort in our homes |
Appendix B
City | People | Area | Type | Initiative | Description | Edition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abrantes | 39,325 | strategy | T | Smart City, Happy City | A strategy focused on efficiently managing existing resources and the citizens: energy and water consumption management; public lighting; waste management; interaction with the citizen; fair local commerce; irrigation management; video surveillance; transports, mobility, and centralized monitoring. | 11 |
economy | T | Prodfarmer | Through a free online channel, certification, promotion, sale, and distribution of regional quality products from local producers. | 11 | ||
social | T | I am a Citizen | Direct communication channel between the citizen and the municipality. It is integrated with the city’s incident management system, thus ensuring greater proximity and encouraging their involvement in initiatives, events, and even decisions of the municipality. | 11 | ||
Alcobaça | 56,693 | Environment | T | Praia.comigo | Communication of occurrences and suggestions for beaches preservation. | 16 |
Alfândega da Fé | 5104 | social | T | Senior Smile | Through a digital platform, psychological evaluations and rehabilitation sessions are promoted (free of charge), allowing the senior population to maintain an active life, socialize and increase their solidarity. | 12 |
environment | NT | LIFE Adaptate | Creation of a natural lake and multi-purpose forests to promote natural regeneration and combat climate change. | 22 | ||
Amadora | 177,136 | urbanism | NT | Rehabilitation and Urban Art | Strategy for the rehabilitation and standardization of building facades, and improvement of their internal conditions. | 5 |
environment | T | Smart Irrigation | Efficient irrigation management project. Installed in two urban parks of the city to monitor irrigation in real-time and interrupt it at any time, via mobile phone or computer. | 11 | ||
mobility | NT | - | Construction and consolidation of green spaces with walking lanes and cycling tracks. | 21 | ||
Amarante | 56,264 | cultural | T | Digital Interaction | Implementation of a beacon network to provide useful information to citizens and visitors, whether related to events, history, or curiosities. | 16 |
urbanism | NT | RUA | Urban revitalization project with three fundamental axes: Public space, ground floor, and housing. It brings together local associations, inhabitants, and merchants in a rejuvenation process that unites political will with citizen participation. | 20 | ||
Angra do Heroísmo | 35,402 | social | T | Angra Smart City | City agenda (online platform with information of cultural, sports and social activities), MyAngra (virtual place to request documents and follow-up the requests), Visit Angra (APP for providing information on georeferenced points of interest) and Angra wi-fi (ten hotspots to provide free Internet access). | 15 |
Aveiro | 78,450 | strategy | T | Aveiro Steam City, Aveiro Tech City | (1) Implementation of 5G infrastructure and technologies and creation of an urban data platform; (2) Implementation of Tech Labs in 37 educational institutions to provide schools with technology-based equipment (such as 3D printers); (3) Installation of electric charging stations for boats; (4) Aveiro challenges - challenges of the local community in areas such as mobility, environment, energy, social action, among others, for companies and research centers to propose solutions. | 22 |
social | NT | Civic Lab of Santiago | Exercise citizen participation in leading the community to identify common problems in a specific neighborhood and then solve them collaboratively. Examples of initiatives: Vivó Bairro, VivaCidade, and Aveiro Soup. | 23 | ||
Azambuja | 21,814 | environment | NT | - | Regeneration of a river and creation of a local observation space with accessible information to the population. | 27 |
Águeda | 46,600 | cultural | T | Walkinagueda | Mobile application designed to guide pedestrian visitors through the city’s points of interest and inform the spent calories. | 8 |
mobility | NT | Águeda+B, BeÁgueda | An incentive to home-work travels by bike and restructuring the city’s shared bike system increases the number of available bikes and creates more parks. | 13 | ||
energy | T | SInGeLu | The SinGeLu street lighting management platform allows collecting consumption data from different sensors, parameterizing usage profiles, and controlling the luminaires remotely. | 14 | ||
social | T | CityFy | Mobile application that gathers all the available applications in the city provides information and allows citizens to interact with decision-makers. | 14 | ||
social | T | Águeda Living Lab (ALL) | ALL aims to: (1) Be a place of experimentation and active cooperation, offering a physical space to the community (ALLficina-Robotics, 3D Modeling, and Electronics); (2) Establish a point of dialogue, sharing of ideas, and collaboration between Citizens, Universities/Schools, Municipality and Companies in an open innovation platform; (3) Democratize the access to new technologies by providing equipment and specialized technical support. | 23 | ||
urbanism | T | - | Dematerialization of processes. Submission and request of documents related to construction sites and urban operations, such as the licensing of works and urban projects. | 28 | ||
Beja | 152,758 | mobility | T | U-bike | Implementation of 80 electric and 120 regular bikes. | 13 |
Braga | 136,885 | mobility | T | Smart Mobility | Creation of 76 km of cycling tracks and implementation of a bike-sharing system. Acquisition of electric buses. The goal is to reach 18,000 regular bike users by 2025. | 14 |
governance | T | Control Center | Platform to manage all information obtained through the sensors installed in the city. | 15 | ||
cultural | T | Braga Explorer (Braga Green Guide) | Mobile application helps discover Braga’s historical heritage, with audio-guided routes of the city’s main monuments and points of interest. It also includes the green spaces and gardens as well as the principal trees of the municipality. | 25 | ||
Bragança | 35,341 | mobility | T | Sustainable Mobility Plan | 20 free electric bicycles (Xispas) spread over three parking spaces in the city. Extension and creation of new bike paths. Acquisition of 2 electric buses. | 13 |
social | NT | Senior sport in rural areas | Displacement of technicians in the most isolated locations to perform physical exercises for the elderly. | 16 | ||
mobility | NT | Moveletur | Promote sustainable mobility in natural and cultural heritage areas, in close connection to preserving the nature and identity of those territories. | 20 | ||
Caldas da Rainha | 51,729 | mobility | T | City Guide | A technological platform that integrates different mobile applications, and the city’s urban transport network. | 6 |
Cascais | 210,889 | governance | T | Executive’s Portal | A digital platform allows submitting and working collaboratively on proposals, consult the documentation, follow up the decision-making process, and execute pending tasks. | 10 |
environment | T | PAYT | A technological system that allows the record of the produced waste by each citizen. Participants in the pilot can access the historical information of their waste production via web or smartphone app. The initiative is part of the European Waste4Think project. | 10 | ||
environment | T | - | Placement of volumetric sensors to monitor the filling level of waste containers. On-board computers accompany the vehicles’ circuits, while containers collection is recorded automatically by reading their RFID. | 11 | ||
mobility | T | MobiCascais | Mobility system that integrates transport service operators, infrastructures, and vehicles (buses, bicycles, and scooters). A free multimodal pass gives access to the use of buses and shared bicycles of the county. The associated mobile application gives the transport schedule, docks location, bicycles, and car parks available. | 12 | ||
environment | T | - | Sensors in urban cleaning equipment to collect data about the waste collection service. Creation of standards considering the various variables associated, such as wind, rain, and other extreme phenomena, as well as the study of the behavior of human resources. | 17 | ||
Castelo Branco | 56,109 | economy | NT | CEI | The Center for Innovative Companies aims to welcome and create conditions of innovation and entrepreneurship for the private sector to settle their operations in the region. | 15 |
Coruche | 19,944 | mobility | T | - | Displacement of electric and regular bicycles supported by a dedicated Mobile Application. | 19 |
Cuba | 4878 | social | T | Cuba Alert | Mobile application to inform the municipality of potholes on the roads, water supply failures, public space maintenance problems, garbage collection, and street lighting. | 14 |
Elvas | 23,078 | cultural | T | Interactive Forte da Graça | Through the installation of beacons, citizens and tourists will have the possibility to interact with the monument. | 16 |
Esposende | 33,947 | strategy | T | Esposende Smart City | Connection to the arts and culture through technology. Installation of sensors to monitor air quality, noise and ultraviolet index, and other areas such as mobility, energy, culture, heritage, and urban rehabilitation to predict situations and respond preventively. Centralized management in a control center. | 25 |
Évora | 56,596 | energy | T | POCITYF | Implementation of energy-positive buildings and districts (use of renewable energy, implementation of energy efficiency measures on buildings renovation); energy management and storage systems (reusage of batteries from electrical mobility for mobile or stationary applications); social innovation for the citizen (gamification); mobility and mobility-as-a-service (one-way and two-way electric charging, and implementation of Smart Lampposts). | 24 |
Fundão | 29,213 | social | NT | Code Academies | The initiative, designed in the short-term form, with intensive programming boot camps, and in the long term, giving foundations for first cycle students, is based on a sustainable financial model based on the obtained results. After these courses, young people who do not get a job do not pay for training, while those who get a job return 2500 euros. | 12 |
mobility | T | MUV | Mobile application that puts citizens, merchants, and local authorities collecting data and urban mapping ravel, co-building the city by matching mobility policies to the real needs of people. | 21 | ||
Guimarães | 158,124 | Energy | T | - | Project to modernize public lighting networks using a remote management platform. | 7 |
strategy | T | DREAM | European consortium where Guimarães is the leader and intends to demonstrate innovative ICTs pre-commercial solutions for infrastructure optimization, mobility, and energy efficiency on a real scale. Combination of three elements—the living lab methodology, the challenges (or transformative projects), and the urban intervention space (i.e., where the pilots will be implemented)—with open space to experimentation and co-creation. | 14 | ||
Lagoa (Algarve) | 22,975 | governance | T | Smart City Operations Center | All information generated and collected in real-time by the sensors is transmitted securely through the LoRa network to the Smart City Lagoa Operations Room, where qualified technicians manage the city’s various systems through different applications. | 20 |
Lamego | 26,691 | energy | T | Installation of LED lighting technology in the luminaires. | 4 | |
Leiria | 126,897 | mobility | T | U-bike | Displacement of 220 electric bikes. | 13 |
social | NT | Inclusive Pavilion | Equipment prepared and designed to host sports for people with disabilities. | 18 | ||
urbanism | NT | Jardim da Almuinha Grande | Amphitheater in an outdoor park. | 25 | ||
Lisboa | 504,718 | governance | T | Lisboa Aberta | Georeferenced open data portal. | 10 |
mobility | T | Gira | Expansion and construction of bicycle paths. Provision of a bike-sharing system through a mobile application. | 13 | ||
mobility | T | Sharing Cities | A project that contemplates electric mobility, energy requalification of buildings, implementation of smart lampposts, air quality and noise sensors, sustainable energy management systems, and data-sharing platform. | 14 | ||
social | T | Lisboa Participa | Web portal to simplify and facilitate citizens involvement by bringing together, in a dedicated space, the various instruments of participation of the city, such as participatory budgeting and the applications “Na Minha Rua”, “Lisboa Aberta”, “Lisboa em Debate” and “LisBoaIdeia”. | 15 | ||
governance | T | COI | City operational center that integrates data from 40 services, such as firefighters, civil protection, municipal police, utilities, public transport, ports, environment, etc... | 16 | ||
environment | T | Placement of waste sensors in containers and implementation of a PAYT system with dedicated access cards. | 22 | |||
mobility | NT | Green Capital 2020 | Preventing the circulation of vehicles before 2000 in the city center and all vehicles on Sundays. | 26 | ||
social | T | Lisboa.24 | Real-time information about the city (traffic, occurrences, events, parking and transport). | 27 | ||
Loulé | 70,622 | environment | T | Monitoring, measurement, and assessment of energy consumption and its costs, as well as CO2 emissions in water supply and residual waters sanitation systems | 11 | |
governance | T | Smart Governance | Digitization with the dematerialization and streamlining of decision-making ecosystems. | 11 | ||
mobility | T | Loulé Adapta | Bike sharing, electric charging, construction, and extension of bike paths. | 13 | ||
mobility | T | LoulÉmobilidade | Mobile application to access real-time information of urban transport schedules and facilitate the parking payment. | 18 | ||
social | NT | HealthyCities | Project to deepen the relationship between health and the urban environment, developing policies focused on improving the population’s health status and assessing their impact. | 26 | ||
Lousada | 47,387 | social | NT | Use of environmental education to connect the citizens to the conservation natural heritage initiatives of the municipality. | 26 | |
Maia | 135,678 | strategy | T | Baze_Living Lab | Urban space (Fablab) for testing, demonstrating, and experimenting with integrated technological solutions in a real context. It intends to be a low-carbon environment, resilient, accessible, participated and connected, developing an Urban Management Platform. | 23 |
Matosinhos | 175,478 | social | T | The Online Citizen Store | Through a platform, citizens can download and submit requirements, make suggestions, complaints, or clarify all their doubts about the city’s activity. | 4 |
Melgaço | 9213 | economy | NT | Melgaço Pop-up | An incentive to the creation and maintenance of local commerce. In the first three months, the rent is free and, in the following three, the due monthly payment is a symbolic amount of 1 euro per square meter to the owner. | 28 |
Odemira | 22,536 | urbanism | NT | Rehabilitation of urban space. New water networks and more efficient luminaires. | 19 | |
Oeiras | 173,149 | governance | T | Smart Cities Platform | A platform for sharing information and knowledge, with the dissemination of specific solutions in the field of urban intelligence. | 12 |
social | T | OeirasEu.pt | Citizenship web app aims to go beyond simple communication and data analytics to plan and help solve urban challenges. It allows citizens to communicate, in real-time, an occurrence to decision-makers, where a dedicated team in a “command center” does the screening and forwards the occurrence to the responsible stakeholder. | 15 | ||
strategy | T | - | Implementation of 5G to increase sensorization and data collection to help city’s management. Install meteorological and street lighting sensors, traffic measurements, urban waste management, environmental monitoring, and alarm management associated with civil protection. | 27 | ||
Oliveira de Azeméis | 69,127 | mobility | T | BiclAz | Construction of bicycle paths. Acquisition and displacement of electric bicycles. | 13 |
Porto | 214,349 | environment | T | Buses with wi-fi coverage and air quality sensors to monitor environmental parameters. | 4 | |
environment | NT | Green Roofs | The pilot project is to place green roofs in city buildings for precipitation retention, increase green areas, thermal comfort, soundproofing, CO2 capture, and the roof’s lifetime. | 15 | ||
social | NT | Entrance Door and 1st Right | Housing programs to immediately support people who suddenly have deprived themselves of housing and help people who live in undignified conditions. | 27 | ||
Santarém | 61,752 | social | T | Mobile application with an audio format guide in different languages allows access to local information and news, communicates occurrences, sends suggestions, requests meetings to municipal services, locates points of the territory, and learns more about historical monuments. | 10 | |
mobility | T | Bikes | Bike-sharing with real-time information. | 13 | ||
Seixal | 158,269 | strategy | T | Seixal Smart City (LVpD) | Strategy with 17 projects, focusing on improving the quality of life and boosting the riverside area of Seixal and neighboring communities. 1. Intelligent street lighting; 2. Smart water meters; 3. Electric train and renewable energy; 4. Individual electric mobility equipment; 5. Smart parking for electric vehicles; 6. Electric charging points; 7. Photovoltaic sun hats; 8. Mini wind power stations; 9. Energy storage; 10. Smart network; 11. Eco-restaurant; 12. Solar kitchen; 13. Zero-emission room (Ecosystem Monitoring and Information Center); 14. Smart container; 15. Live innovation exhibition for decarbonization technology; 16. Ecosystem database and information system; 17. Ecosystem portal. | 19 |
Setúbal | 116,330 | social | T | Setúbal SOS | Mobile application for direct connection with the emergency services based on GPS real-time location. Includes clinical historical information, age, and the contact person to be contacted in case of emergency. | 13 |
urbanism | T | USO | Simplification and streamline of administrative processes through an online geoportal that integrates geo-referenced information and content of different urban areas. | 22 | ||
Sintra | 381,728 | cultural | T | Talking Heritage | Mobile application with information about city’s points of interest. Images, texts, videos, or augmented reality technology along the routes. | 4 |
environment | NT | Separation of domestic waste using waste bags provided by the city. | 29 | |||
Torres Vedras | 79,465 | mobility | T | Eco Urbe | Implement directional signs, 18 lampposts, a shadow structure with a solar photovoltaic system, a bicycle support infrastructure, a passenger shelter with two seats, two conventional Mupis, and a dynamic information totem. Implementation of a smart lamppost that uses the sun and wind as energy sources and serves as a telecommunications network station with the capacity to charge devices or electric vehicles and has IP cameras. Acquisition of electric vehicles and bicycles, an extension of bike paths, and implementation of traffic control sensors. | 26 |
Vila Franca de Xira | 136,886 | mobility | NT | Ribeirinho Park | Urban requalification and construction of a bike path. | 20 |
Vila Nova de Famalicão | 133,832 | governance | T | Smart Center Famalicão | Urban intelligence platform to support daily city operations and the management of public space and occurrences. | 23 |
Vila Nova de Gaia | 301,496 | urbanism | T | Nopaper | Digitization and streamlining of urban processes in a dedicated platform. | 6 |
social | NT | Collaborative methodology to diagnose, present proposals, and experiment with the solutions by the community. | 28 | |||
Vimioso | 4669 | social | NT | Lands at one cent, with the offer of the project, the licensing fee, and education fees paid by the city to retain young citizens. | 20 | |
Viseu | 99,274 | mobility | T | MUV | Mobility application allows buying tickets or electronic passes, validating trips, and knowing bus schedules in real-time or parking availability. Construction of bicycle paths. New urban transport network, shared bicycles (electric and regular), on-demand transport service, and a parking system with three new parks with sensors. Displacement of two electric buses and one unmanned electric vehicle. | 13 |
Vizela | 23,736 | social | NT | CittaSlow | Philosophy of slowness to (re)find the idea of well-living and the awareness of the value of life in the local community, emphasize territorial rooting, and preserve the territory’s identity. | 12 |
1 | Viana do Castelo, Braga, Guimarães, Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Aveiro, Coimbra, Leiria, Santarém, Torres Vedras, Loures, Sintra, Cascais, Lisbon, Almada, Setúbal, Faro, Beja, Évora, Portalegre, Castelo Branco, Guarda, Viseu, Vila Real, Bragança. |
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City | Role | Gender | Area | Population | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Vice-Mayor | male | environment, mobility and tourism | 45,000 | south |
2 | Councilor | male | social policy, innovation and tourism | 20,000 | center |
3 | Vice-Mayor | male | innovation, environment and energy | 240,000 | north |
4 | Vice-Mayor | female | environment, social and energy | 35,000 | north |
5 | Councilor | male | mobility and urban planning | 140,000 | center |
6 | Vice-Mayor | male | urban plan ning and mobility | 40,000 | north |
7 | Vice-Mayor | male | urban planning, innovation and mobility | 210,000 | south |
8 | Councilor | male | mobility and urban planning | 190,000 | north |
Year | Initiative | Description |
---|---|---|
2015 | Cidades Analíticas | One international conference, five regional workshops (sharing of best practices and funding opportunities), and one award of a €5000 prize to the best national project in this area. |
Cidades Sustentáveis 2020 | Strategy-guiding document aligned with Portugal 2020 and with the territorial options on the strategic instruments of spatial planning policies; establishes a reference framework for sustainable urban development in Portugal. | |
2016 | ClimAdapt.Local | 1.5 million-euro budget for local strategies to combat climate change. |
2020 National Strategy for the Air | Creation of a 160 million-euro-per-year fund—Fundo Ambiental—to achieve fossil fuel independence by 2050. Living labs focused on combating climate change and was included in promoting a participated and discussed environmental culture. | |
2017 | wi-fi in Historic Centers | 1 million euros of funding available for wi-fi in Portuguese historical centers. |
U-Bike | 5.3 million euros available to encourage the use of bicycles in universities. | |
2018 | Social Innovation Portugal | 150 million euros to finance innovation and social entrepreneurship initiatives. |
Living Laboratories for Decarbonization (LVpD) | 12 projects received an average amount of 500 thousand euros from Fundo Ambiental to develop and experiment with technologies that improve citizens’ quality of life and combat climate change. | |
Participatory Budget Portugal | 3 million euros is the yearly amount available for the national participatory budget. | |
2019 | Cidades Circulares | 1.5 million euros from the Fundo Ambiental is the total amount allocated for 2019–2021 to support and empower municipalities and their communities to transition to a circular economy. Establishment of partnerships between Portuguese municipalities called Redes Cidades Circulares (RC2) to submit joint applications. Cities and the community find a place to share and disseminate knowledge on these topics on the InC2 portal |
Area | Description |
---|---|
Cultural |
|
Economy |
|
Energy |
|
Environment |
|
Governance |
|
Mobility |
|
Social |
|
Strategy |
|
Urbanism |
|
City | Challenges |
---|---|
1 | Finding companies to meet the objectives. High level of bureaucracy in public procurement processes and project definition, which makes the implementation of solutions time-consuming. |
2 | Lack of knowledge, mindset, and expertise in the organization. Inability to think about and execute projects beyond the guidelines of the existing European funding opportunities. |
3 | There is a great challenge in the ability to use data, since they are owned by various public and private stakeholders. Moreover, the fact data are not in the public sphere and the fact that there is no concept of information management promoted by sovereign entities to leverage their integration challenges the implementation of smart cities. |
4 | The main challenge is financial; there are not enough internal resources, meaning that it is necessary to subcontract external services, which does not allow for the autonomous development of the projects and difficult access to funds. |
5 | The biggest challenge is the public procurement code because of the existing bureaucracy and the fact that there is no knowledge of methods for defining the requirements for solutions. Therefore, they are specified according to a specific party solution. Thus, it leads to mistrust of competitors and processes are embargoed for undefined periods, slowing down the strategies. |
6 | Essentially technological; on the one hand, the training of human resources to operate the new systems and, on the other hand, the high costs and the reliability/uncertain durability (the solutions are constantly being updated). Additionally, the delay in the solutions delivering delays advancement. Maintenance and monitoring are done only by few entities. |
7 | The greatest challenge is in data integration while respecting data privacy and integrity. |
8 | The main challenge is the administrative (bureaucratic) component of opening procedures. Susceptibility to litigation and conflict, many delays due to the objection and impugnation. Additionally, financial resources are scarce. Data integration and privacy also pose challenges. |
Stage | Summary | Description | Cities |
---|---|---|---|
Smart City 1.0 | vertical projects | Isolated initiatives, pilots, and proofs of concepts. | Amadora, Bragança, Angra do Heroísmo, Beja, Caldas da Rainha, Coruche, Cuba, Elvas, Fundão, Leiria, Oliveira de Azeméis, Sintra, Setúbal, Santarém and Vila Franca de Xira |
Smart City 2.0 | integrated strategy | Integrated management supported by technology to promote the quality of life of citizens and city’s sustainability. | Braga, Caldas de Rainha, Esposende, Évora, Lagoa, Loulé Matosinhos, Porto, Seixal, Torres Vedras and Viseu |
Smart City 3.0 | collaboration and co-creation | Promotion of collaborative dynamics and co-creation of strategies with citizens. | Abrantes, Aveiro, Águeda, Cascais, Guimarães, Lisboa, Maia, Oeiras and Vila Nova de Gaia |
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Correia, D.; Teixeira, L.; Marques, J.L. Reviewing the State-of-the-Art of Smart Cities in Portugal: Evidence Based on Content Analysis of a Portuguese Magazine. Publications 2021, 9, 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications9040049
Correia D, Teixeira L, Marques JL. Reviewing the State-of-the-Art of Smart Cities in Portugal: Evidence Based on Content Analysis of a Portuguese Magazine. Publications. 2021; 9(4):49. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications9040049
Chicago/Turabian StyleCorreia, Diogo, Leonor Teixeira, and João Lourenço Marques. 2021. "Reviewing the State-of-the-Art of Smart Cities in Portugal: Evidence Based on Content Analysis of a Portuguese Magazine" Publications 9, no. 4: 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications9040049
APA StyleCorreia, D., Teixeira, L., & Marques, J. L. (2021). Reviewing the State-of-the-Art of Smart Cities in Portugal: Evidence Based on Content Analysis of a Portuguese Magazine. Publications, 9(4), 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications9040049