Ketone Formation via Decarboxylation Reactions of Fatty Acids Using Solid Hydroxide/Oxide Catalysts
by
Benjamin Smith 1,2, Li Li 1,2, Diego D. Perera-Solis 1,2, Louise F. Gildea 1,2, Vladimir L. Zholobenko 3, Philip W. Dyer 1,2,*
and H. Christopher Greenwell 1,4,*
Benjamin Smith 1,2, Li Li 1,2, Diego D. Perera-Solis 1,2, Louise F. Gildea 1,2, Vladimir L. Zholobenko 3, Philip W. Dyer 1,2,* and H. Christopher Greenwell 1,4,*
1
Centre for Sustainable Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
2
Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
3
Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
4
Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Inorganics 2018, 6(4), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics6040121
Received: 30 August 2018 / Revised: 12 October 2018 / Accepted: 19 October 2018 / Published: 8 November 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Breakthroughs with Layered Double Hydroxides)
A sustainable route to ketones is described where stearone is produced via ketonic decarboxylation of stearic acid mediated by solid base catalysts in yields of up to 97%, at 250 °C. A range of Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and mixed metal oxide (MMO) solid base catalysts were prepared with Mg/Al ratios of between 2 and 6 via two synthetic routes, co-precipitation and co-hydration, with each material tested for their catalytic performance. For a given Mg/Al ratio, the LDH and MMO materials showed similar reactivity, with no correlation to the method of preparation. The presence of co-produced oxide phases in the co-hydration catalysts had negligible impact on reactivity.
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Keywords:
base catalysis; mixed metal oxide; layered double hydroxide; liquid phase; ketonisation; biorefinery; fatty acid
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MDPI and ACS Style
Smith, B.; Li, L.; Perera-Solis, D.D.; Gildea, L.F.; Zholobenko, V.L.; Dyer, P.W.; Greenwell, H.C. Ketone Formation via Decarboxylation Reactions of Fatty Acids Using Solid Hydroxide/Oxide Catalysts. Inorganics 2018, 6, 121.
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