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Photonics
Volume 12
Issue 9
10.3390/photonics12090857
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Frequency-Domain Gaussian Cooperative Filtering Demodulation Method for Spatially Modulated Full-Polarization Imaging Systems

by
Ziyang Zhang
1,2,*,
Pengbo Ma
1,
Shixiao Ye
1,
Song Ye
1,2,*,
Wei Luo
1,2,
Shu Li
1,2,
Wei Xiong
3,
Yuting Zhang
1,2,
Wentao Zhang
1,2,
Fangyan Wang
1,2,
Jiejun Wang
1,2,
Xingqiang Wang
1,2 and
Niyan Chen
1
1
School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
2
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin 541004, China
3
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optical Quantitative Remote Sensing, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Photonics 2025, 12(9), 857; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090857 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 27 July 2025 / Revised: 19 August 2025 / Accepted: 25 August 2025 / Published: 26 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section New Applications Enabled by Photonics Technologies and Systems)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The spatially modulated full-polarization imaging system encodes complete polarization information into a single interferogram, enabling rapid demodulation. However, traditional single Gaussian low-pass filtering cannot adequately suppress crosstalk among Stokes components, leading to reduced accuracy. To address this issue, this paper proposes a frequency-domain Gaussian cooperative filter (FGCF) based on a divide-and-conquer strategy in the frequency domain. Specifically, the method employs six Gaussian high-pass filters to effectively identify and suppress interference signals located at different positions in the frequency domain, while utilizing a single Gaussian low-pass filter to preserve critical polarization information within the image. Through the cooperative processing of the low-pass filter response and the complementary responses of the high-pass filters, simultaneous optimization of information retention and interference suppression is achieved. Simulation and real-scene experiments show that FGCF significantly enhances demodulation quality, especially for S1, and achieves superior structural similarity compared with traditional low-pass filtering.
Keywords: spatially modulated full-polarization imaging; frequency-domain Gaussian cooperative filter; full-polarization imaging spatially modulated full-polarization imaging; frequency-domain Gaussian cooperative filter; full-polarization imaging

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, Z.; Ma, P.; Ye, S.; Ye, S.; Luo, W.; Li, S.; Xiong, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, W.; Wang, F.; et al. Frequency-Domain Gaussian Cooperative Filtering Demodulation Method for Spatially Modulated Full-Polarization Imaging Systems. Photonics 2025, 12, 857. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090857

AMA Style

Zhang Z, Ma P, Ye S, Ye S, Luo W, Li S, Xiong W, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Wang F, et al. Frequency-Domain Gaussian Cooperative Filtering Demodulation Method for Spatially Modulated Full-Polarization Imaging Systems. Photonics. 2025; 12(9):857. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090857

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Ziyang, Pengbo Ma, Shixiao Ye, Song Ye, Wei Luo, Shu Li, Wei Xiong, Yuting Zhang, Wentao Zhang, Fangyan Wang, and et al. 2025. "Frequency-Domain Gaussian Cooperative Filtering Demodulation Method for Spatially Modulated Full-Polarization Imaging Systems" Photonics 12, no. 9: 857. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090857

APA Style

Zhang, Z., Ma, P., Ye, S., Ye, S., Luo, W., Li, S., Xiong, W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, W., Wang, F., Wang, J., Wang, X., & Chen, N. (2025). Frequency-Domain Gaussian Cooperative Filtering Demodulation Method for Spatially Modulated Full-Polarization Imaging Systems. Photonics, 12(9), 857. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090857

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