The Relation between Cognitive and Emotional Processes in Children and Adolescents with Neurodevelopmental Disorders—A Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Literature Search and Selection of Studies
2.2. Data Extraction
2.3. Data Meta-Analysis
Study | N | Type of Population Age | Autism Severity IQ | Tasks Description | Measured Outcome | Pearson Correlation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Andersen, Skogli, Hovik, Egeland and Oie (2015) [22] | 79 | ASD + TD 9–16 years old | HFA IQ = 98.5 | Short Moods and Feelings questionnaire Child Behavior Checklist Inhibition: Color—Word Interference Test, Condition 3 Cognitive Flexibility: Color—Word Interference Test, Condition 4 Working memory: Letter—Number Sequencing Test | Depression Symptoms Emotion regulation Inhibition Cognitive flexibility Working memory | r = −0.08 (depression + working memory) r = −0.35 (depression + inhibition) r = −0.23 (depression + cognitive flexibility) r = 0.14 (affect + working memory) r = −0.04 (affect + inhibition) r = −0.07 (affect + cognitive flexibility) |
DeLucia, McKenna, Andrzejewski, Valentino and McDonnell (2021) [23] | 4 | ASD + TD 4–6 years old | Day/Night Task Emotion Regulation Checklist Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire | Inhibitory control Emotion regulation facets Internalizing problems | r = 0.03 (ER+ inhibitory control) r = −0.6 (internalizing problems + inhibitory control) r = −0.32 (lability/negativity + inhibitory control) | |
Fernandez-Prieto, Moreira, Cruz, Campos, Martínez-Regueiro, Taboada, Carracedo and Sampaio (2020) [24] | 79 | ASD 4–16 years old | Child Behaviour Checklist Executive functioning domains derived from CBCL | Anxious, withdrawn/depressed. Working memory | r = −0.11 (anxious/depressed+ working memory) r = 0.07 (withdrwan/depressed+ working memory) | |
Goldsmith and Kelley (2018) [25] | 145 | ASD 5–17 years old | IQ = 84.5 | Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Autism Quotient | Reappraisal/suppression Attention switching | r = −0.24 (reappraisal +attention switching) r = −0.38 (suppression + attention switching) |
Hollocks, Jones, Pickles, Baird, Happé, Charman, and Simonoff (2014) [26] | 90 | ASD 14–16 years old | Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Opposite worlds Trail making Numbers backwards Card sorting task | Emotional symptoms Inhibition Attentional switching Working memory Shifting | r = −0.34 (anxiety + attention switching) r = −0.05 (derpession + attention switching) r = −0.24 (cognitive set shifting+ anxiety) r = −0.23 (cognitive set shifting+ depression) r = −0.23 (interference inhibtion + a nxiety) r = −0.09 (interference inhibtion+ depression) r = −0.10 (working memory+ anxiety) r = −0.01 (working memory+ depression) | |
Jahromi, Bryce and Swanson (2013) [27] | 40 | ASD + TD Age: M = 54.57 months, SD = 11.31 months | Emotion Regulation Checklist The Day/Night Task Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version Child Behavior Questionnaire–Short Form | Emotion regulation Inhibition Inhibitory control Effortful control | r = 0.48 (ER + effortful control) r = 0.82 (ER + executive function composite) | |
Guy, Souders, Bradstreet, DeLussey and Herrington (2014) [28] | 36 | ASD + TD Age: 12.27 years (ASD)/13.12 years (TD) | Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Child Anxiety Related Disorders | Shifting Anxiety | r = 0.62 (anxiety + shifting) | |
Tajik-Parvinchi, Farmus, Modica, Cribbie and Weiss (2021) [20] | 48 | ASD + ADHD+ LD + CP 8–13 years old | IQ = 104,69 | Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Emotion Regulation Checklist Behavior Assessment System for Children | Inhibition, Working memory, Shifting Emotion regulation Lability/negativity | r = 0.27 (inhibition + internlizing) r = 0.35 (working memory+ internalizing) r = 0.27 (shifting + internalizing) r = −0.23 (inhibition + emotion regulation) r = −0.07 (working memory+ emotion regulation) r = −0.28 (shiftting + emotion regulateon) r = 0.50 (inhibition + lability/negativity) r = 0.43*(working memory+ lability/negativity) r = 0.35 (shiftting + lability/negativity) |
Lawson, Papadakis, Higginson, Barnett, Wills, Strang, Wallace and Kenworthy (2014) [29] | 125 | ASD + ADHD 6–16 years old | IQ = 109 | Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Child Behavior Checklist | Shifting, inhibition Anxiety/depression | r = 0.17 (anxious/depressed+ inhibition) r = 0.39 (anxious/depressed+ shiftting) |
Lieb and Bohnert (2017) [30] | 127 | ASD + Asperger’s, + Pervasive Developmetal Disorder Not Otherwise Specified 12–17 years old | Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist—Depression Scale Achenbach Youth Self Report—Depression Scale | Inhibition, Working memory and Shifting Depression | r = 0.36 (inhibition + depression) r = 0.46 (shiftting + depression) r = 0.5 (working memory +depression) r = 0.21 (inhibiton + depression -YSR) r = 0.34 (shiftting + depression–YSR) r = 0.34 (working memory + depression (YSR) | |
Ozsivadjian, Hollocks, Magiati, Happe, Baird and Absoud (2021) [31] | 95 | ASD 5–18 years old | IQ = 98.5 | Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Flexibility Scale-Revised | Anxiety, Depression Emotion problems Cognitive inflexibility | r = 0.39 (cognitive inflexibility + anxiety/depression) r = 0.34 (cognitive inflexibility + emotion problems) |
Ros and Graziano (2019) [32] | 100 | ASD + ADHD +TD Age: m = 4.73 years | Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions-Preschool Version Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders Task Laboratory Temperament Assesment Battery | Executive functioning Emotion regulation | r = 0.08 (EF—parent report + global regulation) r = 0.19 (EF—tearcher report + global regulation) r = 0.67 (EF—parent report + ER parent report) r = 0.35 (EF—teacher report + ER teacher report) r = 0.27 (EF—parent report + ER—teacher report) r = 0.30 (EF—teacher report + ER parent report) r = −0.21 (EF performance + ER parents report) r = −0.05 (EF performance + ER teacher report) r = −0.07 (EF performance + global regulation) | |
Rohr, Kamal and Bray (2019) [33] | 276 | ASD + TD 8–13 years old | IQ = 114.35 | Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function | Emotion control, Inhibition, Shifting | r = 0.61 (inhibition + emotion control) r = 0.79 (shiftting + emotion control) |
Jahromi, Chen, Dakopolos and Chorneau (2019) [34] | 38 | ASD + TD 3–6 years old | Emotion Regulation Checklist Day/Night task Hand Game task | Emotion regulation Inhibition (two types of tasks) | r = 0.24 (inhibition D/N + ER) r = 0.22 (inhibition HGT + ER) | |
Hutchison, Müller and Iarocci (2019) [35] | 186 | ASD + TD 6–13 years old | Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function | Emotion control, Shifting and Emotion regulation | r = 0.55 (inhibition + emotion control) r = 0.68 (shifting + emotion control) |
3. Results
3.1. Funnel Plots
3.2. Moderators
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Affective Problems | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Outcome | Statistics for Each Study | ||||
Correlation | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Z-Value | p-Value | ||
Guy (2014) [28] | Anxiety + EF | −0.620 | −0.790 | −9.361 | −4.101 | 0.000 |
DeLucia (2021) [23] | Combined | −0.183 | −0.622 | 0.344 | −0.666 | 0.505 |
Tajik-Parvinchi (2021) [20] | Combined | −0.365 | −0.588 | −0.090 | −2.565 | 0.010 |
Lieb (2017) [30] | Combined | −0.374 | −0.515 | −0.214 | −4.377 | 0.000 |
Andersen (2015) [22] | Combined | −0.158 | −0.471 | 0.191 | −0.885 | 0.376 |
Lawson (2014) [29] | Combined | −0.284 | −0.438 | −0.114 | −3.222 | 0.001 |
Hollocks (2014) [26] | Combined | −0.136 | −0.358 | 0.045 | −1.537 | 0.124 |
Fernandez-Prieto (2020) [24] | Combined | −0.090 | −0.305 | 0.134 | −0.787 | 0.431 |
Ozsivadjian (2020) [31] | Combined | 0.365 | 0.143 | 0.552 | 3.145 | 0.002 |
−0.213 | −0.384 | −0.028 | −2.251 | 0.024 |
Affective Problems | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Outcome | Statistics for Each Study | ||||
Correlation | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Z-Value | p-Value | ||
Guy (2014) [28] | Anxiety + EF | −0.620 | −0.790 | −9.361 | −4.101 | 0.000 |
DeLucia (2021) [23] | Combined | −0.183 | −0.622 | 0.344 | −0.666 | 0.505 |
Tajik-Parvinchi (2021) [20] | Combined | −0.365 | −0.588 | −0.090 | −2.565 | 0.010 |
Lieb (2017) [30] | Combined | −0.374 | −0.515 | −0.214 | −4.377 | 0.000 |
Andersen (2015) [22] | Combined | −0.158 | −0.471 | 0.191 | −0.885 | 0.376 |
Lawson (2014) [29] | Combined | −0.284 | −0.438 | −0.114 | −3.222 | 0.001 |
Hollocks (2014) [26] | Combined | −0.136 | −0.358 | 0.045 | −1.537 | 0.124 |
Fernandez-Prieto (2020) [24] | Combined | −0.090 | −0.305 | 0.134 | −0.787 | 0.431 |
−0.284 | −0.393 | −0.168 | −4.765 | 0.000 |
Emotion Regulation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Outcome | Statistics for Each Study | ||||
Correlation | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Z-Value | p-Value | ||
Tajik-Parvinchi (2021) [20] | Combined | −0.195 | −0.454 | 0.095 | −1.324 | 0.186 |
Jahromi (2019) [34] | Combined | 0.033 | −0.441 | 0.492 | 0.129 | 0.898 |
Goldsmith (2018) [25] | Combined | 0.077 | −0.087 | 0.237 | 0.925 | 0.355 |
Ros (2019) [32] | Combined | 0.128 | −0.070 | 0.316 | 1.266 | 0.206 |
DeLucia (2021) [23] | ER + inhibitory control | 0.480 | −0.021 | 0.788 | 1.886 | 0.059 |
Jahromi (2013) [27] | ER + effortful control | 0.480 | 0.198 | 0.689 | 3.181 | 0.001 |
Hutchison (2019) [35] | Combined | 0.619 | 0.475 | 0.731 | 6.828 | 0.000 |
Rohr (2019) [33] | Combined | 0.711 | 0.647 | 0.766 | 14.546 | 0.000 |
0.331 | 0.025 | 0.581 | 2.116 | 0.034 |
Emotion Regulation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Outcome | Statistics for Each Study | ||||
Correlation | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Z-Value | p-Value | ||
Tajik-Parvinchi(2021) [20] | Combined | −0.195 | −0.454 | 0.095 | −1.324 | 0.186 |
Jahromi(2019) [34] | Combined | 0.033 | −0.441 | 0.492 | 0.129 | 0.898 |
Ros(2019) [32] | Combined | 0.128 | −0.070 | 0.316 | 1.266 | 0.206 |
Goldsmith(2018) [25] | Combined | 0.077 | −0.087 | 0.237 | 0.925 | 0.355 |
Jahromi(2013) [27] | ER + effortful control | 0.480 | 0.198 | 0.689 | 3.181 | 0.001 |
Hutchison(2019) [35] | Combined | 0.619 | 0.475 | 0.731 | 6.828 | 0.000 |
DeLucia(2021) [23] | ER + inhibitory control | 0.480 | −0.021 | 0.788 | 1.886 | 0.059 |
0.250 | −0.005 | 0.474 | 1.924 | 0.054 |
Moderator | Category | K | R | CI | Qb | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EF + ER | Age | 2–6 | 4 | 0.267 | [0.03, 0.48] | 3.290 | 0.193 |
6–12 | 3 | 0.452 | [−0.05, 0.77] | ||||
12–18 | 1 | 0.077 | [−0.08, 0.23] | ||||
IQ | 70–90 | 1 | 0.128 | [−0.07, 0.31] | 1.727 | 0.422 | |
90–110 | 2 | 0.341 | [−0.61, 0.89] | ||||
Unspecified | 5 | 0.365 | [0.04, 0.61] | ||||
Measure type (EF) | Direct | 3 | 0.083 | [−0.26, 0.41] | 1.370 | 0.242 | |
Indirect | 6 | 0.365 | [0.02, 0.62] | ||||
EF + AP | Age | 2–6 | 1 | −0.183 | [−0.62, 0.34] | 2.351 | 0.309 |
6–12 | 5 | −0.105 | [−0.35, 0.16] | ||||
12–18 | 3 | −0.377 | [−0.58, −0.13] | ||||
IQ | 70–90 | 1 | −0.163 | [−0.35, 0.04] | 1.062 | 0.588 | |
90–110 | 3 | −0.284 | [−0.40, −0.15] | ||||
Unspecified | 5 | −0.192 | [−0.50, 0.16] | ||||
Measure type (EF) | Direct | 3 | −0.164 | [−0.32, 0.00] | 0.214 | 0.643 | |
Indirect | 6 | −0.235 | [−0.46, 0.02] |
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Costescu, C.; Roșan, A.; David, C.; Cozma, L.; Calota, A. The Relation between Cognitive and Emotional Processes in Children and Adolescents with Neurodevelopmental Disorders—A Meta-Analysis. Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13, 2811-2826. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13120194
Costescu C, Roșan A, David C, Cozma L, Calota A. The Relation between Cognitive and Emotional Processes in Children and Adolescents with Neurodevelopmental Disorders—A Meta-Analysis. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education. 2023; 13(12):2811-2826. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13120194
Chicago/Turabian StyleCostescu, Cristina, Adrian Roșan, Carmen David, Lia Cozma, and Andrada Calota. 2023. "The Relation between Cognitive and Emotional Processes in Children and Adolescents with Neurodevelopmental Disorders—A Meta-Analysis" European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 13, no. 12: 2811-2826. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13120194