Association between Insufficient Sleep and Dental Caries among Preschoolers in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Multicentre Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Main Findings of the Study
4.2. Findings of Previous Studies
4.3. What This Study Adds
4.4. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total (n = 332) | with Caries Experience (n = 42) | without Caries Experience (n = 290) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Child | ||||
Age, months | 64.4 ± 10.1 | 66.9 ± 9.1 | 64.1 ± 10.2 | 0.089 |
Sex, female, n (%) | 154 (46.4) | 15 (35.7) | 139 (47.9) | 0.896 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 15.6 ± 1.5 | 15.9 ± 1.7 | 15.6 ± 1.5 | 0.158 |
Birth weight, g | 3015.3 ± 435.5 | 3021.6 ± 370.8 | 3014.4 ± 444.6 | 0.920 |
Number of siblings, n | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 0.094 |
Breakfast, every day, n (%) | 311 (93.7) | 36 (85.7) | 275 (94.8) | 0.023 |
Extracurricular activities, yes, n (%) | 145 (43.7) | 12 (28.6) | 133 (45.9) | 0.003 |
Sleep duration, h | 9.9 ± 1.0 | 9.5 ± 0.9 | 10.0 ± 1.0 | 0.002 |
TV time, h | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 2.6 ± 1.4 | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 0.003 |
Game time, h | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 0.027 |
Screen time, h | 2.6 ± 1.5 | 3.3 ± 1.9 | 2.5 ± 1.4 | 0.000 |
Parent | ||||
Age, year | 36.1 ± 5.3 | 35.4 ± 6.5 | 36.2 ± 5.1 | 0.387 |
Sex, female | 311 (93.7) | 41 (97.6) | 270 (93.1) | 0.261 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 21.5 ± 3.3 | 21.7 ± 4.4 | 21.4 ± 3.1 | 0.609 |
Smoking, yes, n (%) | 44 (13.2) | 13 (30.7) | 31 (10.7) | 0.003 |
Drinking, every day, n (%) | 37 (11.1) | 4 (9.5) | 33 (11.4) | 0.721 |
Marital status, married, n (%) | 313 (94.2) | 38 (85.7) | 277 (95.0) | 0.011 |
Working, yes, n (%) | 233 (70.2) | 30 (71.4) | 203 (70.0) | 0.850 |
Education, years | 13.4 ± 1.6 | 12.7 ± 1.7 | 13.5 ± 1.6 | 0.003 |
Household income, >6 million, n (%) | 119 (36.2) | 11 (26.2) | 108 (37.6) | 0.1495 |
PSQI, points | 5.0 ± 2.7 | 6.0 ± 2.8 | 4.9 ± 2.7 | 0.010 |
Health literacy, points | 54.8 ± 7.3 | 53.5 ± 7.2 | 56.0 ± 7.8 | 0.040 |
Variables | Univariate Model | Multivariate Model | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
Child | ||||
Sleep duration | 0.58 (0.41–0.82) | 0.0018 | 0.54 (0.36–0.80) | 0.0012 |
Screen time | 1.40 (1.15–1.70) | 0.0010 | 1.35 (1.09–1.66) | 0.0051 |
Age | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.0910 | ||
Sex, female | 0.60 (0.31–1.18) | 0.1407 | ||
Breakfast, not every day | 3.06 (1.11–8.38) | 0.0436 | ||
Extracurricular activities | 0.47 (0.23–0.96) | 0.0314 | ||
Parent | ||||
Age | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) | 0.0274 | ||
Sex, female | 0.33 (0.04–2.52) | 0.2847 | ||
PSQI | 1.16 (1.03–1.30) | 0.014 | 1.06 (0.94–1.21) | 0.344 |
Smoking, no | 3.75 (1.76–7.95) | 0.0011 | 3.91 (1.72–8.89) | 0.0017 |
Marital status, no | 3.55 (1.27–9.92) | 0.0157 | ||
Health literacy | 1.05 (1.00–1.11) | 0.0335 | ||
Education | 0.75 (0.62–0.91) | 0.0039 |
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Ogawa, M.; Ogi, H.; Nakamura, D.; Nakamura, T.; Izawa, K.P. Association between Insufficient Sleep and Dental Caries among Preschoolers in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Multicentre Study. Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2022, 12, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12010001
Ogawa M, Ogi H, Nakamura D, Nakamura T, Izawa KP. Association between Insufficient Sleep and Dental Caries among Preschoolers in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Multicentre Study. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education. 2022; 12(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleOgawa, Masato, Hiroto Ogi, Daisuke Nakamura, Teruo Nakamura, and Kazuhiro P. Izawa. 2022. "Association between Insufficient Sleep and Dental Caries among Preschoolers in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Multicentre Study" European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 12, no. 1: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12010001
APA StyleOgawa, M., Ogi, H., Nakamura, D., Nakamura, T., & Izawa, K. P. (2022). Association between Insufficient Sleep and Dental Caries among Preschoolers in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Multicentre Study. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 12(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12010001