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GERMS
Volume 14
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10.18683/germs.2024.1417
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GERMS is published by MDPI from Volume 25 Issue 4 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with the former publisher Infection Science Forum S.R.L..
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Review

Probable Vector of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus; Hyalomma aegyptium: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by
Hamid Sadeghi
1,
Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei
1,*,
Sara Shahsavari
1,
Masoumeh Aslanimehr
1,
Farhad Nikkhahi
1,
Abouzar Babaei
1,
Nematollah Gheibi
2 and
Behzad Bizhani
3
1
Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Blvd, postal code: 3419759811, Qazvin, Iran
2
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non Communicable Diseases, Shahid Bahonar Blvd, postal code: 3419759811, Qazvin, Iran
3
Department of Infectious Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Blvd, postal code: 3419759811, Qazvin, Iran
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
GERMS 2024, 14(1), 45-62; https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2024.1417
Submission received: 13 September 2023 / Revised: 31 January 2024 / Accepted: 17 February 2024 / Published: 31 March 2024
Versions Notes

Abstract

Introduction: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the widest emerging severe viral tick-borne disease affecting humans. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) circulates by routine enzootic tick-vertebrate hosts-tick transmission cycles. We aimed to evaluate the molecular prevalence of CCHFV in ticks on a global scale. Methods: A systematic procedure was used to perform this review and meta-analysis using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases from 1 January 2000 through 12 April 2023. Of the 2310 papers identified, 43 articles met the inclusion criteria for this study. Results: The overall prevalence of CCHFV was 4.0% (95%CI: 2.7–6.0%) in ticks on the global scale, with heterogeneity (I2 = 96.387; p = 0.0001). The genus Hyalomma was shown as the most frequent tick infected with CCHFV 5.4% (95%CI: 3.3–8.7%). We found that the pooled prevalence of CCHFV was higher in Hyalomma aegyptium 27.6% (95%CI: 22.7–33.2%). The pooled prevalence was higher in Asia 5.1% (95%CI: 3.3–7.7%), and Spain 21.0% (95%CI: 3.4–66.9). The locations with annual rainfall of 401-1000 mm 6.1% (95%CI: 2.6–13.5%) and latitude of 31-40° 6.0% (95%CI: 4.1–8.9%) were associated with the greatest pooled prevalence of CCHFV in ticks. Conclusions: Surveillance of CCHFV in ticks will give a better comprehension for the future implementation of public health interventions. The question of whether Hyalomma aegyptium is a plausible or certain vector should be the subject of further investigation.
Keywords: CCHFV; molecular prevalence; tick; meta-analysis CCHFV; molecular prevalence; tick; meta-analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sadeghi, H.; Khoei, S.G.; Shahsavari, S.; Aslanimehr, M.; Nikkhahi, F.; Babaei, A.; Gheibi, N.; Bizhani, B. Probable Vector of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus; Hyalomma aegyptium: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. GERMS 2024, 14, 45-62. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2024.1417

AMA Style

Sadeghi H, Khoei SG, Shahsavari S, Aslanimehr M, Nikkhahi F, Babaei A, Gheibi N, Bizhani B. Probable Vector of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus; Hyalomma aegyptium: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. GERMS. 2024; 14(1):45-62. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2024.1417

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sadeghi, Hamid, Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei, Sara Shahsavari, Masoumeh Aslanimehr, Farhad Nikkhahi, Abouzar Babaei, Nematollah Gheibi, and Behzad Bizhani. 2024. "Probable Vector of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus; Hyalomma aegyptium: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" GERMS 14, no. 1: 45-62. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2024.1417

APA Style

Sadeghi, H., Khoei, S. G., Shahsavari, S., Aslanimehr, M., Nikkhahi, F., Babaei, A., Gheibi, N., & Bizhani, B. (2024). Probable Vector of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus; Hyalomma aegyptium: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. GERMS, 14(1), 45-62. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2024.1417

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