Figure 1.
Wave-plate mist eliminator with inflow and outflow area (geometry A) dimensions in mm.
Figure 1.
Wave-plate mist eliminator with inflow and outflow area (geometry A) dimensions in mm.
Figure 2.
Visualisation of wave-plate mist eliminator with drainage channels (geometry B_10_0).
Figure 2.
Visualisation of wave-plate mist eliminator with drainage channels (geometry B_10_0).
Figure 3.
Details of geometries of analysed wave-plate mist eliminators dimensions in mm.
Figure 3.
Details of geometries of analysed wave-plate mist eliminators dimensions in mm.
Figure 4.
Final computational mesh of geometry B_10_0: (a) view on a fragment of mist eliminator; (b) detailed view on drainage channel.
Figure 4.
Final computational mesh of geometry B_10_0: (a) view on a fragment of mist eliminator; (b) detailed view on drainage channel.
Figure 5.
Comparison of calculated results with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity: (a) 2 m s−1; (b) 4 m s−1.
Figure 5.
Comparison of calculated results with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity: (a) 2 m s−1; (b) 4 m s−1.
Figure 6.
Comparison of calculated results obtained with SST model with and without using turbulent dispersion with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity: (a) 2 m s−1; (b) 4 m s−1.
Figure 6.
Comparison of calculated results obtained with SST model with and without using turbulent dispersion with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity: (a) 2 m s−1; (b) 4 m s−1.
Figure 7.
Comparison of calculated Stokes numbers with results obtained with the SST model with and without using turbulent dispersion with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity: (a) 2 m s−1; (b) 4 m s−1.
Figure 7.
Comparison of calculated Stokes numbers with results obtained with the SST model with and without using turbulent dispersion with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity: (a) 2 m s−1; (b) 4 m s−1.
Figure 8.
Comparison of calculated results of droplet removal efficiency for geometries A and B_10_0 with inlet velocity: (a) 2 m s−1; (b) 4 m s−1.
Figure 8.
Comparison of calculated results of droplet removal efficiency for geometries A and B_10_0 with inlet velocity: (a) 2 m s−1; (b) 4 m s−1.
Figure 9.
Comparison of calculated results of droplet removal efficiency for geometries with different drainage channel lengths with inlet velocity: (a) 2 m s−1; (b) 4 m s−1.
Figure 9.
Comparison of calculated results of droplet removal efficiency for geometries with different drainage channel lengths with inlet velocity: (a) 2 m s−1; (b) 4 m s−1.
Figure 10.
Velocity fields (a,c) (m s−1) and vectors (b,d) and vectors (m s−1) of investigated geometry variants with different drainage channel lengths: (a,b) B_10_0; (c,d) B_25_0; with inlet velocity 2 m s−1 simulated using a transition SST model.
Figure 10.
Velocity fields (a,c) (m s−1) and vectors (b,d) and vectors (m s−1) of investigated geometry variants with different drainage channel lengths: (a,b) B_10_0; (c,d) B_25_0; with inlet velocity 2 m s−1 simulated using a transition SST model.
Figure 11.
Velocity fields (a,c) (m s−1) and vectors (b,d) and vectors (m s−1) of investigated geometry variants with different drainage channel lengths: (a,b) B_25_0; (c,d) B_30_0; with inlet velocity 4 m s−1 simulated using a transition SST model.
Figure 11.
Velocity fields (a,c) (m s−1) and vectors (b,d) and vectors (m s−1) of investigated geometry variants with different drainage channel lengths: (a,b) B_25_0; (c,d) B_30_0; with inlet velocity 4 m s−1 simulated using a transition SST model.
Figure 12.
Comparison of calculated results of droplet removal efficiency for geometries with different drainage channel angles with inlet velocity: (a) 2 m s−1; (b) 4 m s−1.
Figure 12.
Comparison of calculated results of droplet removal efficiency for geometries with different drainage channel angles with inlet velocity: (a) 2 m s−1; (b) 4 m s−1.
Figure 13.
Velocity fields (m s−1) of investigated geometry variants with different drainage channel angles: (a) B_10_30; (b) B_10_60; (c) B_10_90; for inlet velocity 2 m s−1, simulated using a transition SST model.
Figure 13.
Velocity fields (m s−1) of investigated geometry variants with different drainage channel angles: (a) B_10_30; (b) B_10_60; (c) B_10_90; for inlet velocity 2 m s−1, simulated using a transition SST model.
Figure 14.
Velocity fields (m s−1) of investigated geometry variants with different drainage channel angles: (a) B_10_30; (b) B_10_60; (c) B_10_90; for inlet velocity 4 m s−1, simulated using a transition SST model.
Figure 14.
Velocity fields (m s−1) of investigated geometry variants with different drainage channel angles: (a) B_10_30; (b) B_10_60; (c) B_10_90; for inlet velocity 4 m s−1, simulated using a transition SST model.
Figure 15.
Comparison of calculated results of droplet removal efficiency for different media: (a) geometry A, inlet velocity 2 m s−1; (b) geometry A, inlet velocity 4 m s−1; (c) geometry B_10_0, inlet velocity 2 m s−1; (d) geometry B_10_0, inlet velocity 4 m s−1.
Figure 15.
Comparison of calculated results of droplet removal efficiency for different media: (a) geometry A, inlet velocity 2 m s−1; (b) geometry A, inlet velocity 4 m s−1; (c) geometry B_10_0, inlet velocity 2 m s−1; (d) geometry B_10_0, inlet velocity 4 m s−1.
Figure 16.
Pressure fields (Pa) of B_15_0 geometry for inlet velocity 2 m s−1 simulated using a transition SST model.
Figure 16.
Pressure fields (Pa) of B_15_0 geometry for inlet velocity 2 m s−1 simulated using a transition SST model.
Figure 17.
Details of geometry C_15_0 with streamlined drainage channels.
Figure 17.
Details of geometry C_15_0 with streamlined drainage channels.
Figure 18.
Comparison of calculated results of droplet removal efficiency for geometries B_10_0, B_15_0, and C_15_0 with inlet velocity: (a) 2 m s−1; (b) 4 m s−1.
Figure 18.
Comparison of calculated results of droplet removal efficiency for geometries B_10_0, B_15_0, and C_15_0 with inlet velocity: (a) 2 m s−1; (b) 4 m s−1.
Figure 19.
Velocity fields (m s−1) of geometry variant C_15_0 with streamline drainage channels with inlet velocities (a,b) 2 m s−1 and (c,d) 4 m s−1, which were simulated using a transition SST model. Velocity fields (a,c) (m s−1) and vectors (b,d) (m s−1) of geometry variant C_15_0 with streamline drainage channels with inlet velocities (a,b) 2 m s−1 and (c,d) 4 m s−1, which were simulated using a transition SST model.
Figure 19.
Velocity fields (m s−1) of geometry variant C_15_0 with streamline drainage channels with inlet velocities (a,b) 2 m s−1 and (c,d) 4 m s−1, which were simulated using a transition SST model. Velocity fields (a,c) (m s−1) and vectors (b,d) (m s−1) of geometry variant C_15_0 with streamline drainage channels with inlet velocities (a,b) 2 m s−1 and (c,d) 4 m s−1, which were simulated using a transition SST model.
Figure 20.
Velocity fields (a) and vectors (b) (m s−1) (a) and vectors (b) (m s−1) of geometry variant B_15_0 with inlet velocities 2 m s−1 simulated using a transition SST model.
Figure 20.
Velocity fields (a) and vectors (b) (m s−1) (a) and vectors (b) (m s−1) of geometry variant B_15_0 with inlet velocities 2 m s−1 simulated using a transition SST model.
Figure 21.
Droplet trajectories for geometries B_15_0 (a,c,e,g) and C_15_0 (b,d,f,h) for velocity 2 (m s−1) and droplet diameters: 8 (µm) (a,b); 10 (µm) (c,d); 12 (µm) (e,f); 14 (µm) (g,h).
Figure 21.
Droplet trajectories for geometries B_15_0 (a,c,e,g) and C_15_0 (b,d,f,h) for velocity 2 (m s−1) and droplet diameters: 8 (µm) (a,b); 10 (µm) (c,d); 12 (µm) (e,f); 14 (µm) (g,h).
Figure 22.
Droplet trajectories for geometries B_15_0 (a,c,e,g) and C_15_0 (b,d,f,h) for velocity 4 (m s−1) and droplet diameters: 6 (µm) (a,b); 8 (µm) (c,d); 10 (µm) (e,f); 12 (µm) (g,h).
Figure 22.
Droplet trajectories for geometries B_15_0 (a,c,e,g) and C_15_0 (b,d,f,h) for velocity 4 (m s−1) and droplet diameters: 6 (µm) (a,b); 8 (µm) (c,d); 10 (µm) (e,f); 12 (µm) (g,h).
Table 1.
Geometrical details of analysed mist-wave eliminators.
Table 1.
Geometrical details of analysed mist-wave eliminators.
Geometry | Presence of Drainage Channels | a [mm] | L [mm] | α [°] |
---|
A | No | - | 35.5 | - |
B_10_0 | Yes | 10.5 | 25 | 0 |
B_10_30 | Yes | 10.5 | 25 | 30 |
B_10_60 | Yes | 10.5 | 25 | 60 |
B_10_90 | Yes | 10.5 | 25 | 90 |
B_15_0 | Yes | 15.5 | 20 | 0 |
B_20_0 | Yes | 20.5 | 15 | 0 |
B_25_0 | Yes | 25.5 | 10 | 0 |
B_30_0 | Yes | 30.5 | 5 | 0 |
Table 2.
Comparison of calculated results with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity 2 m s−1.
Table 2.
Comparison of calculated results with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity 2 m s−1.
Droplet Diameter [µm] | Experimental Data [5] [-] | k-ε, std. Wall tr. [-] | k-ε, enh. Wall tr. [-] | RS, enh. Wall tr. [-] | SST with turb. disp. [-] |
---|
8 | 0.20 | 0.766 | 0.487 | 0.605 | 0.270 |
10 | 0.48 | 0.807 | 0.619 | 0.717 | 0.468 |
12 | 0.75 | 0.809 | 0.688 | 0.762 | 0.695 |
13 | 0.93 | 0.819 | 0.732 | 0.802 | 0.798 |
15 | 0.98 | 0.856 | 0.828 | 0.895 | 0.946 |
18 | 0.99 | 0.901 | 0.913 | 0.954 | 0.996 |
21 | 1 | 0.944 | 0.968 | 0.992 | 1 |
Table 3.
Relative errors between calculated results and experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity 2 m s−1.
Table 3.
Relative errors between calculated results and experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity 2 m s−1.
Droplet Diameter [µm] | k-ε, std. Wall tr. [%] | k-ε, enh. Wall tr. [%] | RS, enh. Wall tr. [%] | SST with turb. disp. [%] |
---|
8 | 282.98 | 143.40 | 202.29 | 34.91 |
10 | 68.21 | 28.86 | 49.41 | 2.58 |
12 | 7.87 | 8.27 | 1.6 | 7.33 |
13 | 11.88 | 21.27 | 13.76 | 14.18 |
15 | 12.65 | 15.51 | 8.67 | 3.47 |
18 | 8.99 | 7.79 | 3.64 | 0.61 |
21 | 5.60 | 3.20 | 0.80 | 0 |
Table 4.
Comparison of calculated results with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity 4 m s−1.
Table 4.
Comparison of calculated results with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity 4 m s−1.
Droplet Diameter [µm] | Experimental Data [5] [-] | k-ε, std. Wall tr. [-] | k-ε, enh. Wall tr. [-] | RS, enh. Wall tr. [-] | SST with turb. disp. [-] |
---|
6 | 0.20 | 0.759 | 0.616 | 0.634 | 0.328 |
7 | 0.40 | 0.797 | 0.707 | 0.719 | 0.493 |
8 | 0.68 | 0.837 | 0.789 | 0.799 | 0.686 |
10 | 0.86 | 0.883 | 0.883 | 0.902 | 0.944 |
11 | 0.95 | 0.887 | 0.897 | 0.924 | 0.982 |
13 | 1 | 0.904 | 0.922 | 0.959 | 0.995 |
Table 5.
Relative errors between calculated results and experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity 4 m s−1.
Table 5.
Relative errors between calculated results and experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity 4 m s−1.
Droplet Diameter [µm] | k-ε, std. Wall tr. [%] | k-ε, enh. Wall tr. [%] | RS, enh. Wall tr. [%] | SST with turb. disp. [%] |
---|
6 | 279.50 | 208.00 | 217.00 | 64.00 |
7 | 99.13 | 76.65 | 79.80 | 23.37 |
8 | 23.14 | 16.07 | 17.47 | 0.88 |
10 | 2.68 | 2.73 | 4.83 | 9.76 |
11 | 6.66 | 5.60 | 2.70 | 3.34 |
13 | 9.57 | 7.77 | 4.06 | 0.5 |
Table 6.
Comparison of calculated results obtained with SST model with and without using turbulent dispersion with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity 2 m s−1.
Table 6.
Comparison of calculated results obtained with SST model with and without using turbulent dispersion with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity 2 m s−1.
Droplet Diameter [µm] | Experimental Data [5] [-] | SST without turb. disp. [-] | SST with turb. disp. [-] |
---|
8 | 0.20 | 0.072 | 0.270 |
10 | 0.48 | 0.138 | 0.468 |
12 | 0.75 | 0.228 | 0.695 |
13 | 0.93 | 0.485 | 0.798 |
15 | 0.98 | 1 | 0.946 |
18 | 0.99 | 1 | 0.996 |
21 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Table 7.
Relative errors between calculated results obtained with SST model with and without using turbulent dispersion with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity 2 m s−1.
Table 7.
Relative errors between calculated results obtained with SST model with and without using turbulent dispersion with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity 2 m s−1.
Droplet Diameter [µm] | SST without turb. disp. [%] | SST with turb. disp. [%] |
---|
8 | 63.83 | 34.91 |
10 | 71.25 | 2.58 |
12 | 69.60 | 7.33 |
13 | 47.81 | 14.18 |
15 | 2.04 | 3.47 |
18 | 1.01 | 0.61 |
21 | 0 | 0 |
Table 8.
Comparison of calculated results obtained with SST model with and without using turbulent dispersion with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity 4 m s−1.
Table 8.
Comparison of calculated results obtained with SST model with and without using turbulent dispersion with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity 4 m s−1.
Droplet Diameter [µm] | Experimental Data [5] [-] | SST without turb. disp. [-] | SST with turb. disp. [-] |
---|
6 | 0.20 | 0.080 | 0.328 |
7 | 0.40 | 0.276 | 0.493 |
8 | 0.68 | 0.471 | 0.686 |
10 | 0.86 | 0.778 | 0.944 |
11 | 0.95 | 0.889 | 0.982 |
13 | 1 | 1 | 0.995 |
Table 9.
Relative errors between calculated results obtained with SST model with and without using turbulent dispersion with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity 4 m s−1.
Table 9.
Relative errors between calculated results obtained with SST model with and without using turbulent dispersion with experimental data for geometry B_10_0 with inlet velocity 4 m s−1.
Droplet Diameter [µm] | SST without turb. disp. [%] | SST with turb. disp. [%] |
---|
6 | 60.00 | 64.00 |
7 | 31.08 | 23.37 |
8 | 30.69 | 0.88 |
10 | 9.54 | 9.76 |
11 | 6.42 | 3.34 |
13 | 0 | 0.5 |
Table 10.
Reynolds number values for different variants of calculation.
Table 10.
Reynolds number values for different variants of calculation.
The Average Velocity on the Inlet [m s−1] | Reynolds Number [-] |
---|
2.0 | 94,114 |
4.0 | 188,277 |
Table 11.
Pressure drops on mist eliminators and the mean force acting on drainage channel; inlet velocity 2 m s−1.
Table 11.
Pressure drops on mist eliminators and the mean force acting on drainage channel; inlet velocity 2 m s−1.
Geometry | A | B_10_0 | B_10_30 | B_10_60 | B_10_90 | B_15_0 | B_20_0 | B_25_0 | B_30_0 |
---|
Pressure drop [Pa] | 82 | 87 | 106 | 151 | 205 | 109 | 246 | 587 | 1977 |
Mean force acting on drainage channel [N] | - | 0.38 | 0.48 | 0.63 | 0.78 | 1.38 | 4.20 | 11.64 | 43.61 |
Table 12.
Pressure drops on mist eliminators and the mean force acting on drainage channel; inlet velocity 4 m s−1.
Table 12.
Pressure drops on mist eliminators and the mean force acting on drainage channel; inlet velocity 4 m s−1.
Geometry | A | B_10_0 | B_10_30 | B_10_60 | B_10_90 | B_15_0 | B_20_0 | B_25_0 | B_30_0 |
---|
Pressure drop [Pa] | 346 | 367 | 446 | 643 | 872 | 442 | 1000 | 2371 | 7960 |
Mean force acting on drainage channel [N] | - | 1.53 | 1.96 | 2.59 | 3.26 | 5.62 | 17.11 | 47.07 | 175.81 |
Table 13.
Materials of droplets used in calculations and their densities.
Table 13.
Materials of droplets used in calculations and their densities.
Medium | Density [kg m−3] |
---|
water | 999 |
n-octane | 720 |
diesel fuel | 830 |
95% sulphuric acid | 1834 |
25% aqueous ammonia solution | 865 |
Table 14.
Geometrical details of analysed mist-wave eliminator with streamlined drainage channels.
Table 14.
Geometrical details of analysed mist-wave eliminator with streamlined drainage channels.
Name | Presence of Drainage Channels | a [mm] | L [mm] |
---|
C_15_0 | Yes | 15.5 | 18.5 |
Table 15.
Pressure drops on mist eliminators and the mean force acting on the drainage channel; inlet velocity 2 m s−1.
Table 15.
Pressure drops on mist eliminators and the mean force acting on the drainage channel; inlet velocity 2 m s−1.
Geometry | B_10_0 | B_15_0 | C_15_0 |
---|
Pressure drop [Pa] | 87 | 109 | 107 |
Mean force acting on drainage channel [N] | 0.38 | 1.38 | 1.40 |
Table 16.
Pressure drops on mist eliminators and the mean force acting on drainage the channel; inlet velocity 4 m s−1.
Table 16.
Pressure drops on mist eliminators and the mean force acting on drainage the channel; inlet velocity 4 m s−1.
Geometry | B_10_0 | B_15_0 | C_15_0 |
---|
Pressure drop [Pa] | 367 | 442 | 406 |
A mean force acting on drainage channel [N] | 1.53 | 5.62 | 6.20 |