Experimentally Calculated Study of the Effectiveness on the Process of Non-Catalytic Synthesis of Biodiesel in Reactors of Various Type
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Methods of Transesterification in Subcritical Methanol
2.2. Transesterification in a Tubular Flow Reactor
2.3. Transesterification in a Batch Reactor
2.4. Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Preliminary Studies
3.1.1. Mutual Solubility of the Initial Components
3.1.2. Effect of Molar Ratio
3.2. Effect of Reactor Design
3.2.1. Transesterification in a Tubular Flow Reactor
3.2.2. Transesterification in a Batch Reactor
3.2.3. Reaction Kinetics in Tubular Flow and Batch Reactors
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Oil Phase Outlet, %w | The Composition of the Glycerol Phase, %w | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glycerol | FAME | MG * | DG ** | TG *** | |
75.1 | 92.3 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 3.0 | 1.2 |
80.9 | 95.7 | 0.2 | 2.6 | <0.5 | 1.5 |
70.1 | 86.6 | 0.5 | 6.9 | <0.5 | 3.3 |
80.7 | 89.9 | 1.2 | 1.1 | <0.5 | 7.8 |
82.3 | 88.9 | 0.1 | 6.3 | <0.5 | 4.7 |
№ | Q, L h−1 | n | Residence Time, h | The Composition of the Oil Phase, (%w) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FAME | MG | DG | TG | ||||
1 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 11.1 | 1.9 | 19.1 | 71.9 |
2 | 8 | 1 | 1.5 | 16.9 | 3.1 | 19.9 | 42 |
3 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 31.9 | 8.3 | 31.1 | 41.3 |
4 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 39.9 | 11.1 | 31.5 | 27 |
5 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 30.4 | 8 | 22.2 | 31.1 |
6 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 32.8 | 8.6 | 22.7 | 24.3 |
7 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 31.3 | 7.7 | 32.3 | 30.3 |
8 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 40.4 | 7.8 | 29.6 | 33.7 |
9 | 8 | 3 | 4.5 | 46 | 11.1 | 17.2 | 17.2 |
10 | 8 | 3 | 4.5 | 40.2 | 9.7 | 17.4 | 14.8 |
11 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 56.8 | 16.8 | 28.9 | 12.9 |
12 | 4 | 2 * | 6 | 51.7 | 15 | 24.9 | 9.2 |
13 | 4 | 3 * | 9 | 61.6 | 14.1 | 16.9 | 3.4 |
14 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 62.9 | 18.2 | 25.7 | 7.6 |
15 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 68.5 | 13.4 | 6.4 | 2.1 |
16 | 4 | 4 * | 12 | 66.3 | 11.4 | 11.9 | 1.3 |
№ | Residence Time, h * | T, °C | N | The Composition of the Oil Phase, %w | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FAME | MG | DG | TG | ||||
1 | 4 | 220 | 9 | 52.1 | 15.3 | 23.3 | 9.3 |
2 | 8 | 220 | 9 | 81.6 | 11.8 | 6.1 | 0.6 |
3 | 12 | 220 | 9 | 78.0 | 14.3 | 7.2 | 0.5 |
4 | 16 | 220 | 9 | 82.9 | 10.8 | 5.8 | 0.5 |
5 | 8 + 8 ** | 220 | 9 | 90.9 | 5.2 | 3.5 | 0.5 |
6 | 8 + 8 + 8 ** | 220 | 9 | 96.2 | 0.5 | 2.8 | 0.5 |
7 | 0.5 | 230 | 6 | 45.5 | 11.3 | 22.5 | 20.8 |
8 | 0.5 | 230 | 9 | 58.1 | 14.7 | 16.3 | 10.9 |
9 | 0.5 | 230 | 15 | 29.4 | 7.7 | 30.2 | 32.2 |
10 | 8 | 230 | 6 | 79.9 | 10.4 | 6.9 | 2.8 |
11 | 8 + 8 | 230 | 6 | 87.2 | 9.1 | 3.2 | 0.5 |
12 | 8 + 8 + 8 ** | 230 | 6 | 93.2 | 4.1 | 2.3 | 0.4 |
, mol L−1 h−1 | ||||||
7.10 ± 0.04 | 6.10 ± 0.04 | 3.90 ± 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.40 ± 0.03 |
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Meshalkin, V.; Sapunov, V.; Kozlovskiy, R.; Kozlovskiy, I.; Staroverov, D.; Luganskiy, A.; Voronov, M. Experimentally Calculated Study of the Effectiveness on the Process of Non-Catalytic Synthesis of Biodiesel in Reactors of Various Type. Processes 2021, 9, 1488. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9091488
Meshalkin V, Sapunov V, Kozlovskiy R, Kozlovskiy I, Staroverov D, Luganskiy A, Voronov M. Experimentally Calculated Study of the Effectiveness on the Process of Non-Catalytic Synthesis of Biodiesel in Reactors of Various Type. Processes. 2021; 9(9):1488. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9091488
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeshalkin, Valeriy, Valentin Sapunov, Roman Kozlovskiy, Ivan Kozlovskiy, Dmitry Staroverov, Artur Luganskiy, and Mikhail Voronov. 2021. "Experimentally Calculated Study of the Effectiveness on the Process of Non-Catalytic Synthesis of Biodiesel in Reactors of Various Type" Processes 9, no. 9: 1488. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9091488