Removal of Lead and Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on a Low-Cost Phragmites Biomass
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials
2.2. Instrumentation
2.3. Sorption Experiment
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Biomass Characterization
3.1.1. Fourier Transfer Infrared (FTIR)
3.1.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDS) and BET (Surface Area)
3.2. Factors Affecting Metal Ion Removal Study
3.2.1. Effect of Contact Time
3.2.2. Effect of pH
3.2.3. Effect of TPB Dosage
3.2.4. Effect of Phragmites Biomass Particle Size
3.2.5. Adsorption Isotherm
3.2.6. Sorption Kinetics
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | Weight% | Atom% |
---|---|---|
C | 36.96 | 43.70 |
N | 6.76 | 6.85 |
O | 55.03 | 48.84 |
F | 0.15 | 0.11 |
P | 0.31 | 0.14 |
S | 0.80 | 0.36 |
Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Langmuir Isotherm | Freundlich Isotherm | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Xm (mg/g) | K (L/mg) | R2 | KF | 1/n | R2 | |
Pb | 5.46 | 0.1625 | 0.936 | 1.689 | 0.287 | 0.743 |
Cd | 6.40 | 0.0395 | 0.918 | 0.805 | 0.418 | 0.724 |
Metal Ion | Pseudo First Order Kinetic Model | |||
Qe, exp (mg g−1) | Qe, calc (mg g−1) | k1 (h−1) | R2 | |
Pb | 0.335 | 0.101 | 1.048 | 0.9505 |
Cd | 0.765 | 0.153 | 1.104 | 0.7404 |
Metal Ion | Pseudo Second Order Kinetic Model | |||
Qe, exp (mg g−1) | Qe, calc (mg g−1) | k2 (g mg−1 h−1) | R2 | |
Pb | 0.335 | 0.393 | 7.452 | 0.9718 |
Cd | 0.765 | 0.821 | 14.96 | 0.9966 |
Bio-Adsorbent | Pb Maximum Capacity mg/g | Cd Maximum Capacity mg/g | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Leucaena leucocephala Residues | 25.51 | 14.79 | [27] |
Hydrodictyon reticulatum | - | 7.03 | [28] |
agriculture wastes of ramie stalk | - | 10.33 | [29] |
Cladophora biomass | 20.65 | 12.07 | [30] |
activated carbon originating from cow bone | 50.10 | - | [31] |
Fungal Biomass | 2.971 | - | [32] |
Phragmites biomass | 5.46 | 6.40 | Present study |
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Amro, A.N.; Abhary, M.K.; Shaikh, M.M.; Ali, S. Removal of Lead and Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on a Low-Cost Phragmites Biomass. Processes 2019, 7, 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7070406
Amro AN, Abhary MK, Shaikh MM, Ali S. Removal of Lead and Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on a Low-Cost Phragmites Biomass. Processes. 2019; 7(7):406. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7070406
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmro, Abdulaziz N., Mohammad K. Abhary, Muhammad Mansoor Shaikh, and Samah Ali. 2019. "Removal of Lead and Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on a Low-Cost Phragmites Biomass" Processes 7, no. 7: 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7070406