Macroscopic Simulation Study on Inhomogeneity of Small Billet Continuous Casting Mold

Ding, Zhijun; Li, Zisheng; Han, Shaohui; Kou, Hanwen; Huang, Xing; Liang, Jiabao; Xue, Yuekai; Wang, Shuhuan; Yao, Xin

doi:10.3390/pr13051415

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Open AccessArticle

Macroscopic Simulation Study on Inhomogeneity of Small Billet Continuous Casting Mold

by

Zhijun Ding

^†,

Zisheng Li

^†,

Shaohui Han

,

Hanwen Kou

,

Xing Huang

,

Jiabao Liang

,

Yuekai Xue

,

Shuhuan Wang

^* and

Xin Yao

^*

College of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Processes 2025, 13(5), 1415; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051415

Submission received: 16 April 2025 / Revised: 29 April 2025 / Accepted: 30 April 2025 / Published: 6 May 2025

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Systems)

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Abstract

In the steel industry, small billets have become the main type of billet for steel production due to the efficiency of the continuous casting process. However, the segregation that occurs during solidification remains a significant issue affecting billet quality. This study conducted a macroscopic segregation analysis on 172 mm × 172 mm small square billets and investigated the influence of various process parameters on the distribution of carbon within the cast billets. The results showed that an increase in superheat led to a 0.036% rise in the carbon difference and an increase in the central segregation value from 0.357% to 0.364%. Increasing the cooling intensity resulted in a 0.037% rise in the carbon difference and a decrease in the negative segregation value from 0.266% to 0.250%. Higher casting speeds caused the carbon difference to reach a minimum of 0.107% at a speed of 1.6 m·min⁻¹, while the central segregation value reached its lowest point of 0.353% at a casting speed of 2.6 m·min⁻¹.

Keywords: numerical simulation; continuous casting; mold; macroscopic segregation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ding, Z.; Li, Z.; Han, S.; Kou, H.; Huang, X.; Liang, J.; Xue, Y.; Wang, S.; Yao, X. Macroscopic Simulation Study on Inhomogeneity of Small Billet Continuous Casting Mold. Processes 2025, 13, 1415. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051415

AMA Style

Ding Z, Li Z, Han S, Kou H, Huang X, Liang J, Xue Y, Wang S, Yao X. Macroscopic Simulation Study on Inhomogeneity of Small Billet Continuous Casting Mold. Processes. 2025; 13(5):1415. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051415

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ding, Zhijun, Zisheng Li, Shaohui Han, Hanwen Kou, Xing Huang, Jiabao Liang, Yuekai Xue, Shuhuan Wang, and Xin Yao. 2025. "Macroscopic Simulation Study on Inhomogeneity of Small Billet Continuous Casting Mold" Processes 13, no. 5: 1415. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051415

APA Style

Ding, Z., Li, Z., Han, S., Kou, H., Huang, X., Liang, J., Xue, Y., Wang, S., & Yao, X. (2025). Macroscopic Simulation Study on Inhomogeneity of Small Billet Continuous Casting Mold. Processes, 13(5), 1415. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051415

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Macroscopic Simulation Study on Inhomogeneity of Small Billet Continuous Casting Mold

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