Dynamic Risk Assessment of Gas Accumulation During Coal and Gas Outburst Catastrophes Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Information Entropy

Gas accumulation triggered by coal and gas outbursts is the core cause of secondary disasters in coal mines. This study focuses on the risk assessment of gas accumulation during disaster scenarios, proposing a multidimensional evaluation method integrating the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), information entropy theory, kernel density estimation, and dynamic risk propagation modeling. A unified intelligent prevention system encompassing “monitoring–prediction–decision making” is established. Leveraging the TFIM3D simulation platform and case studies from the Qunli Coal Mine accident, this research reveals spatiotemporal evolution patterns of gas concentration and explosion risk thresholds. A ventilation optimization strategy based on risk classification is proposed. The results demonstrate that the dynamic risk index (DRI), derived from the coupling of the roadway air volume stability coefficient and gas concentration information entropy, can accurately identify high-risk zones. The findings provide theoretical foundations and practical pathways for dynamic risk management in ventilation systems during coal and gas outburst disasters.