Shear Strength of Adhesive Bonding of Plastics Intended for High Temperature Plastic Radiators
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- To experimentally study a wide range of adhesives and determine their resistance to high temperatures;
- For particular plastic substrates, to determine the best adhesive for high temperatures;
- To estimate the influence of the cold plasma surface treatment;
- To choose and recommend successful adhesives.
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Tested Plastic Materials
2.2. Tested Adhesives
2.3. Preparation of Samples
2.4. Testing Method
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Glass Reinforced Epoxy Sheets G11, 130 °C and 160 °C
3.2. PA66-GF30, 110 °C and 160 °C
3.3. PPS-GF40, 130 °C and 180 °C
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material Used | Glass Epoxy Sheet G11 | PA66-GF30 | PPS-GF40 |
---|---|---|---|
Resin and reinforcement | epoxide + glass fabric | PA66 + glass fibers | PPS + glass fibers |
Flexural modulus, MPa | 26,000 | - | 4600 |
Tensile strength, MPa | 400 | 85 | 83 |
Notch impact strength parallel to lamination (Charpy), KJ/m2 | 100 | 6 | 24 |
Shearing strength parallel to laminations, MPa | 50 | - | - |
Density, g/cm3 | 1.9 | 1.29 | 1.63 |
Temperature index (TI) or Temperature of Deflection, °C | 180 | 150 | 230 |
Water absorption | (3 mm thick) 9 mg | 56 mg/96 h according to ISO 62 | 0.01%/96 h according to ISO 62 |
Manufacturer | Brand Name | Type | Tg, °C | Operation Temp. Range, °C | Brief Description and Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reltek | Bondit | B-46 | - | −65–135 | An adhesive for bonding dissimilar materials, such as plastics, including UHMW, HDPE, PP, PET, PEEK, PPS, PBT, Acetal, ETFE, PVC, PVCF, PVDF, ABS, ECTFE, polyamide, polyimide, rubber, and urethane compounds on metal, glass, composites, cement, wood, and cellulose [14]. |
B-481 | - | up to 170 | |||
B-536 | - | - | |||
Elantas | Elan-tech | AS60/AW60 | 135 | up to 150 | Excellent thermal and chemical resistance, high modulus, rigid, very good for magnets. |
ASM 031 | Ferrite, synthesized materials, magnets, thermally resistant materials [15]. | ||||
Epoxylite | E8628 | 127 | up to 204 | E 8628 Hi Temp-two-component, low viscosity compound for service temperature up to 200 °C. For potting of collector rings, slip rings and field coils where rigidity and dimensional stability are required [16]. | |
GRM | LG700/HG700 | - | up to 120 | Laminating system for RIM, RTM, vacuum technology, and hand laminating. Extremely low viscosity enables processing of very light laminates. High reactivity. Working time from 25 min to 3 h. Very good heat resistance and high flexibility even when post-cured at room temperature [17]. | |
Epoxies | 20-3001 NC | - | −50 to +150 | 20-3001 NC is a low viscosity, unfilled epoxy potting and encapsulating system which forms a bubble-free glass-like finish when cured [18]. | |
20-3302 NC | - | −45 to +135 | 20-3302 is a low viscosity system designed for L.E.D. encapsulating, fiber optics, and any potting or adhesive application requiring optimum clarity. This epoxy system also provides a bubble-free and glass-smooth finish [19]. | ||
Girrbach | Gimapox | EL6 | 160 | up to 160 | Epoxy resin system has a glass transition temperature of up to 160 °C and very high thermal stability. The material has good chemical resistance [20]. |
Havel | LH 301 | - | up to 160 | Epoxy resin LH 301 is a resin which makes it possible to achieve a temperature resistance of about 160 °C with a hardener H 513. When curing amines or polyamines, it offers high mechanical properties, and good chemical and thermal resistance. Ratio LH 301:H 513 = 100:22 The product must be cured at temperatures of min. 50 °C for 4 h, and to achieve maximum temperature resistance, it is then appropriate to harden it by gradually heating it to 160 °C [21]. | |
5 M | Letoxit | LH 190 | - | up to 150 | This two-component epoxy adhesive is composed of part A and part B and hardens at a higher temperature. The adhesive is intended for bonding of metals and applications with high temperature resistance [22]. |
Henkel | Loctite | EA 9483 | 61 | - | EA 9483 is a 2-part, ultra-clear, flowing, general purpose epoxy adhesive suitable for bonding and potting where optical clarity and high strength are required [23]. |
EA 9497 | 116 | - | LOCTITE® (Henkel AG, Düsseldorf, Germany) EA 9497 is a 2-part, grey epoxy adhesive for structural bonding that offers high technical performance. The product provides high temperature resistance up to +180 °C for heat-resistant bonding and filling. It is thermally conductive and delivers high compression strength. It is ideal for bonding metal components [24]. |
Adhesive | Adhesive Amount | Curing Conditions | Shear Strength at 130 °C | Shear Strength at 160 °C | Failure Type at 160 °C | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mg) | (h) | (°C) | (MPa) | |||
B-46 | 5.3 | 4 | 93 | 0.29 ± 0 | ||
B-481 | 6.7 | 3 | 93 | 1.27 ± 0.13 | 1.18 ± 0.21 | A */100% |
B-536 | 13.9 | 1.5 | 93 | 1.45 ± 0.22 | ||
AS60/AW60 | 48.4 | 15 | 23 | 2.83 ± 0.18 | ||
3 | 130 | 1.59 ± 0.23 | A */100% | |||
ASM 031 | 10.3 | 2 | 120 | 0.73 ± 0.13 | ||
4 | 140 | |||||
E8628 | – | 4 | 177 | 0.53 ± 0.23 | ||
LG700/HG700 | 5.6 | 2 | 120 | 1.52 ± 0.06 | ||
20-3001 NC | 9.6 | 16 | 25 | 0.94 ± 0.05 | ||
20-3302 NC | 9.9 | 2 | 52 | 0.64 ± 0 | ||
EL6 | 3.9 | 24 | 25 | 1.00 ± 0.43 | ||
2 | 120 | |||||
LH 301 | 27.3 | – | – | 2.94 ± 0.05 | 1.21 ± 0.17 | A */90% |
LH 190 | 67.5 | 24 | 22 | 2.75 ± 0.18 | ||
0.5 | 60 | |||||
1 | 100 | |||||
3 | 120 | 1.63 ± 0.18 | A */100% | |||
EA 9483 | 16.0 | 168 | 22 | 1.36 ± 0.1 | ||
EA 9497 | 54.8 | 24 | 22 | 2.59 ± 0.04 | 1.42 ± 0.34 | A */90% |
0.25 | 120 |
Adhesive | EA 9497 | LH 190 | AS60/AW60 | B-481 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface treatment | no | plasma | no | plasma | no | plasma | no | plasma | ||||
Temp. °C | 110 | 160 | 110 | 160 | 110 | 160 | 110 | 160 | ||||
Shear strength [MPa] | 0.58 ± 0.27 | 1.76 ± 0.21 | 0.37 ± 0.20 | 1.66 ± 0.15 | 1.91 ± 0.41 | 0.76 ± 0.33 | 1.69 ± 0.46 | 2.15 ± 0.34 | 1.64 ± 0.32 | 0.94 ± 0.11 | 1.00 ± 0.12 | 0.43 ± 0.10 |
Failure type | A 100% | A 95% | A 85% | A 95% | A 90% | C 20% | A 95% | A 95% | A 70% | A 90% | A 95% | C 50% |
Adhesive | AS60/AW60 | LH 190 | EA 9497 | B-481 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface treatment | no | plasma | plasma | plasma | plasma | ||||
Temperature [°C] | 130 | 180 | 130 | 180 | 130 | 180 | 130 | 180 | |
Shear strength [MPa] | 1.77 ± 0.06 | 2.39 ± 0.15 | 1.38 ± 0.09 | 1.79 ± 0.15 | 0.01 | 1.01 ± 0.25 | 0.22 ± 0.09 | 0.83 ± 0.20 | 0.40 |
Torn off adhesive area on one side of the joint | 99% | 70% | 95% | 90% | 70% | 70% | 100% | 70% | 100% |
Failure type | A | A | A | C | A | A | A | C | A |
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Astrouski, I.; Kudelova, T.; Kalivoda, J.; Raudensky, M. Shear Strength of Adhesive Bonding of Plastics Intended for High Temperature Plastic Radiators. Processes 2022, 10, 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10050806
Astrouski I, Kudelova T, Kalivoda J, Raudensky M. Shear Strength of Adhesive Bonding of Plastics Intended for High Temperature Plastic Radiators. Processes. 2022; 10(5):806. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10050806
Chicago/Turabian StyleAstrouski, Ilya, Tereza Kudelova, Josef Kalivoda, and Miroslav Raudensky. 2022. "Shear Strength of Adhesive Bonding of Plastics Intended for High Temperature Plastic Radiators" Processes 10, no. 5: 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10050806