Experimental Study on the Effect of Hydraulic Deterioration of Different Drainage Systems on Lining Water Pressure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Drainage and Waterproof System
2.1. Traditional Waterproof and Drainage Systems in China
2.2. Deterioration of Traditional Waterproof and Drainage System
2.3. Design of Composite Waterproof and Drainage System
- 1.
- Traditional tunnel drainage blind pipes are prone to clogging. The capillary drainage board used behind the lining has an excellent anti-clogging ability to ensure the smoothness of the drainage system.
- 2.
- When the traditional waterproof and drainage system leaks because there is no drainage channel between the waterproof board and the secondary lining, if the lining surface is grouted and blocked, the groundwater will cross-flow between the waterproof board and the secondary lining and seep from another weak link. The composite drainage system is different from the traditional waterproof and drainage system in that the water seepage point on the lining surface can be directly sealed by grouting when the tunnel leaks. Because there is a drainage channel behind the lining, the water seepage will enter the drainage system through the drainage channel. Due to the additional drainage path behind the lining, the water seepage will be discharged through the drainage channel, which will significantly reduce the difficulty and cost of the current tunnel leakage treatment.
3. Model Test Preparation
3.1. Similarity of Scaled Model Test
3.2. Reduced-Scale Model Setup
3.3. Test Procedures and Instrumentation
3.4. Test Conditions
- (1)
- The precast tunnel components, such as the drainage pipe, the drainage board, the initial lining, the secondary lining, etc., were installed.
- (2)
- The model box was incrementally filled with sand, layer by layer, and the height of each layer was 20 cm.
- (3)
- The water pressure gauges were placed at the predetermined points and connected to the data logger. Before the seepage test, the data acquisition system was debugged, and the numerical value of the water pressure gauge was calibrated and zero-adjusted.
- (4)
- After reaching the initial seepage field, the test started. The test results were recorded after the tunnel drainage, and the water pressure values of each measuring point were found to be stable.
4. Test Results
4.1. Discharge
4.2. Distribution of Water Pressure
4.3. Evolution of Water Pressure
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The decrease of drainage volume due to blockage of the drainage system is not linear; a partial blockage will cause a decrease in drainage volume, but the magnitude is not significant.
- (2)
- Installing a circular blind pipe behind the lining can significantly reduce the water pressure, but the influence of the range is limited and can only reduce the water pressure value within a certain range of the circumferential direction. A reasonable design of the drainage blind pipe can effectively reduce the overall water pressure outside the lining.
- (3)
- Compared with the one-side blind pipe blockage, the increase of water pressure caused by the blockage of the circumferential blind pipe was relatively small, indicating that the blockage of the circumferential blind pipe changes the groundwater infiltration path. However, it can still eventually converge into the longitudinal blind pipe and discharge into the tunnel through other paths. The effect of the longitudinal blind pipe on the water pressure is greater than that of the circumferential blind pipe, and the water pressure on the lining is greater when the longitudinal blind pipe is blocked on one side.
- (4)
- In the case of unblocked drainage, as TWDS can effectively reduce the water pressure, the effect of the CWDS with the addition of a drainage board behind the lining is not obvious, and it is only used as a safety guarantee at this time. Once the blind pipe is blocked, the drainage board can effectively reduce the water pressure on the lining.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Symbol | Formula | Ratio | Unit |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dimension | l | αl | 1:40 | m |
Weight | γ | αγ | 1:1 | N/m3 |
Permeability coefficient | k | αk | 1:1 | m/s |
Water pressure | P | αP = αγαl | 1:40 | kPa |
Time | t | αt = αl/αk | 1:40 | s |
Discharge | Q | 1:1600 | m3 |
Working Conditions | Description |
---|---|
Case 1 | All four drainage outlets are not blocked. |
Case 2 | The drainage outlets 1 and 3 are not blocked, while the blockage degree of drainage outlets 2 and 4 increases incrementally, from 0, 25%, 50%, 75% to finally, 100% blockage. |
Case 3 | The drainage outlets 3 and 4 are not blocked, while the blockage degree of drainage outlets 1 and 2 increases incrementally from 0, 25%, 50%, 75% to finally, 100% blockage. |
Case 4 | The blockage degree of all four drainage outlets increases incrementally from 0, 25%, 50% to finally, 75% blockage. |
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Bao, T.; Zhang, S.; Liu, C.; Xu, Q. Experimental Study on the Effect of Hydraulic Deterioration of Different Drainage Systems on Lining Water Pressure. Processes 2022, 10, 1975. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10101975
Bao T, Zhang S, Liu C, Xu Q. Experimental Study on the Effect of Hydraulic Deterioration of Different Drainage Systems on Lining Water Pressure. Processes. 2022; 10(10):1975. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10101975
Chicago/Turabian StyleBao, Tong, Sulei Zhang, Chang Liu, and Qing Xu. 2022. "Experimental Study on the Effect of Hydraulic Deterioration of Different Drainage Systems on Lining Water Pressure" Processes 10, no. 10: 1975. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10101975
APA StyleBao, T., Zhang, S., Liu, C., & Xu, Q. (2022). Experimental Study on the Effect of Hydraulic Deterioration of Different Drainage Systems on Lining Water Pressure. Processes, 10(10), 1975. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10101975