An Observational Study on the Use of Peripheral Intravenous Lines vs. Central Lines in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Male: Female | 57:63 (1:1.1) |
Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 35.8 ± 3.3 (25.0–41.5) * |
Birthweight (gram) | 2526 ± 875 (510–5100) * |
Head circumference at birth (cm) | 32.0 ± 2.8 (21.5–37.0) * |
Length of stay in the NICU (days) | 18.4 ± 21.7 (2.0–157.0) |
Post-menstrual age at discharge (weeks) | 38.4 ± 2.7 (35.5–49.9) |
Weight at discharge (gram) | 2897 ± 728 (1900–5685) |
Head circumference at discharge (cm) | 33.5 ± 2.0 (31.5–39.1) |
Peripheral Intra-Venous Line (PIV) (n = 162) | Umbilical Venous Central Catheter (UVC) (n = 19) | Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) (n = 11) | p Value‡ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 35.1 (33.0, 37.0) | 36.4 (31.3, 39.5) | 31.5 (27.6, 35.3) | 0.086 |
Birthweight (grams) | 2317 (1850, 3045) * | 2250 (1432, 3836) | 1500 (1030, 2198) * | 0.041 |
Head circumference at birth (cm) | 32.5 (29.6, 34.0) * | 32.5 (27.0, 35.0) | 28.5 (25.7, 31.1) * | 0.013 |
Time to full enteral feeds (days) | 4.0 (3.0, 5.0) | 5.0 (3.2, 6.7) | 4.0 (3.0, 6.2) | 0.356 |
Length of stay (hospitalization days) | 17.0 (9.0, 26.0) * | 25.0 (11.0, 53.0) | 35.0 (23.0, 54.0) * | 0.002 |
Gestational age at discharge (weeks) | 37.4 (36.3, 40.3) * | 40.4 (38.3, 42.4) * | 38.2 (35.2, 41.8) | 0.048 |
Weight at discharge (grams) | 2657 (2395, 3290) * | 3310 (2962, 3921) * | 2940 (2454, 3766) | 0.011 |
Head circumference at discharge (cm) | 33.0 (32.0, 35.0) | 34.5 (32.6, 36.0) | 33.5 (32.6, 34.7) | 0.115 |
Weight gain (g) during hospitalization (%) | 240 (60, 650) | 335 (−46, 1575) | 1170 (291, 1534) | 0.027 |
8.8 (2.3, 30.7)% * | 25.0 (−1.3, 104.1)% | 72.3 (17.9, 103.4)% * | 0.010 | |
Delta weight z-score at discharge (% change) | −0.45 (−0.69, −0.17) | −0.48 (−0.85, 0.17) | −0.41 (−0.56, 0.34) | 0.523 |
−11.5 (−83.0, 39.1)% | −33.9 (−64.1, −11.2)% | −22.6 (−88.6, −0.1)% | 0.449 | |
Number of attempts until line insertion | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) † | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) *† | 3.0 (2.2, 4.0) * | <0.001 |
Line lifespan (hours) | 24.0 (12.0, 48.0) *† | 72.0 (39.0, 96.0) † | 144.0 (96.0, 144) * | <0.001 |
Total IV duration (hours) | 72.0 (48.0, 96.0) *† | 84.0 (65.2, 216.0) † | 171 (121.5, 215.5) * | <0.001 |
Number of late-onset blood stream infections | 0 | 0 | 1 | <0.001• |
Control (No Need for IV Line) (n = 26) | Dominant Peripheral IV Lines (n = 76) | Dominant Central IV Lines (n = 18) | p Value¥ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 37.2 ± 2.1 * | 35.6 ± 3.0 | 34.4 ± 5.0 * | 0.016 |
Birthweight (grams) | 2683 ± 627 | 2508 ± 803 | 2371 ± 1367 | 0.491 |
Head circumference at birth (cm) | 32.8 ± 1.6 * | 32.2 ± 2.5 | 30.4 ± 4.2 * | 0.013 |
Time to full enteral feeds (days) | 3.1 ± 1.4 *† | 4.3 ± 1.7 † | 4.7 ± 2.8 * | 0.008 |
Length of stay (hospitalization) (days) | 8.1 ± 4.9 * | 17.4 ± 17.9 | 37.6 ± 35.9 * | <0.001 |
Gestational age at discharge (weeks) | 38.4 ± 1.9 | 38.1 ± 2.3 | 39.8 ± 4.6 | 0.068 |
Weight at discharge (grams) | 2764 ± 733 * | 2844 ± 634 † | 3311 ± 965 *† | 0.028 |
Head circumference at discharge (cm) | 33.4 ± 1.6 | 33.4 ± 1.6 | 33.9 ± 3.5 | 0.633 |
Weight gain during hospitalization (g) (%) | 80 ± 220 * | 336 ± 487 | 940 ± 1089 * | <0.001 |
2.9 ± 7.0% * | 23.7 ± 69.4% | 84.0 ± 144.8% * | 0.003 | |
Delta weight z-score at discharge (% change) | −0.38 ± 0.49 | −0.43 ± 0.59 | −0.19 ± 0.61 | 0.326 |
−4.5 ± 27.5% | −5.2 ± 69.6% | −1.3 ± 6.4% | 0.969 | |
Total number of IV lines | 0 *† | 1.7 ± 0.9 † | 2.1 ± 1.0 * | <0.001 |
Total IV duration (hours) | 0 *† | 64.9 ± 41.1 †‡ | 139.9 ± 71.3 *‡ | <0.001 |
Number of late-onset blood stream infections | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.067 • |
Dominant Peripheral IV Lines (n = 76) | Dominant Central IV Lines (n = 18) | p Value‡ | |
---|---|---|---|
Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 35.2 | 35.7 | 0.679 |
(33.4, 38.7) | (31.5, 38.8) | ||
Birthweight (grams) | 2350 | 1896 | 0.275 |
(1950, 3062) | (1435, 3390) | ||
Head circumference at birth (cm) | 32.5 | 30.5 | 0.080 |
(30.5, 34.2) | (28.0, 33.5) | ||
Time to full enteral feeds (days) | 5.0 | 4.0 | 0.829 |
(3.5, 5.0) | (3.0, 7.0) | ||
Length of stay (hospitalization)(days) | 14.5 | 26.0 | 0.003 |
(7.0, 24.5) | (12.0, 53.0) | ||
Gestational age at discharge (weeks) | 37.4 | 40.5 | 0.048 |
(36.5, 40.2) | (36.9, 42.7) | ||
Weight at discharge (grams) | 2657 | 3240 | 0.014 |
(2397, 3267) | (2920, 3850) | ||
Head circumference at discharge (cm) | 33.0 | 34.0 | 0.059 |
(32.0, 34.7) | (33.0, 36.0) | ||
Weight gain (g) during hospitalization (%) | 197 (40, 532) | 927 (135, 1500) | 0.044 |
7.4 (1.1, 25.7)% | 42.8 (4.4, 103.3)% | 0.033 | |
Delta weight z-score at discharge (% change) | −0.48 (−0.71, −0.18) | −0.30 (−0.61, 0.34) | 0.096 |
−1.1 (−59.6, 73.3)% | −20.4 (−56.3, −8.4)% | 0.148 | |
Total number of attempts for IV lines | 3.0 | 4.5 | 0.223 |
(1.0, 5.0) | (2.0, 5.0) | ||
Total number of IV lines | 1.0 | 2.0 | 0.037 |
(1.0, 2.0) | (2.0, 3.0) | ||
Total IV duration (hours) | 60.0 | 123.0 | <0.001 |
(36.0, 84.0) | (84.0, 214.0) | ||
Number of late-onset blood stream infections | 0 | 1 | 0.191 • |
Single IV Line (n = 45) | ≥2 IV Lines (n = 49) | p Value‡ | |
---|---|---|---|
Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 35.7 | 34.5 | 0.039 |
(34.0, 38.9) | (32.8, 37.3) | ||
Birthweight (grams) | 2567 ± 749 | 2404 ± 1071 | 0.398 * |
Head circumference at birth (cm) | 32.5 | 31.5 | 0.160 |
(31.0, 34.5) | (29.1, 34.0) | ||
Time to full enteral feeds (days) | 4.0 | 5.0 | 0.236 |
(2.7, 5.0) | (4.0, 5.0) | ||
Length of stay (hospitalization)(days) | 9.0 | 21.0 | 0.001 |
(5.0, 22.7) | (11.0, 27.2) | ||
Gestational age at discharge (weeks) | 37.4 | 38.1 | 0.988 |
(36.5, 40.5) | (36.5, 40.7) | ||
Weight at discharge (grams) | 2735 | 2820 | 0.607 |
(2436, 3236) | (2406, 3521) | ||
Head circumference at discharge (cm) | 33.0 | 33.5 | 0.698 |
(32.4, 34.6) | (32.0, 35.1) | ||
Weight gain during hospitalization (g) (%) | 135 (1, 519) | 265 (81, 771) | 0.050 |
5.6 (0.0, 25.8)% | 13.6 (3.2, 43.8)% | 0.042 | |
Delta weight z-score at discharge (% change) | −0.40 (−0.70, −0.14) | −0.47 (−0.70, −0.10) | 0.572 |
18.4 (−17.5, 152.0)% | −33.9 (−94.8, 21.0)% | <0.001 | |
Total number of attempts for IV lines | 1.0 | 5.0 | <0.001 |
(1.0, 2.0) | (3.0, 7.2) | ||
Total number of IV lines | 1.0 | 2.0 | <0.001 |
(1.0, 1.0) | (2.0, 3.0) | ||
Total IV duration (hours) | 48.0 | 84.0 | <0.001 |
(36.0, 72.0) | (60.0, 121.5) | ||
Number of late-onset blood stream infections | 0 | 1 | 1.000 • |
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Riskin, A.; Iofe, A.; Zidan, D.; Shoris, I.; Toropine, A.; Zoabi-Safadi, R.; Bader, D.; Gover, A. An Observational Study on the Use of Peripheral Intravenous Lines vs. Central Lines in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Children 2022, 9, 1413. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091413
Riskin A, Iofe A, Zidan D, Shoris I, Toropine A, Zoabi-Safadi R, Bader D, Gover A. An Observational Study on the Use of Peripheral Intravenous Lines vs. Central Lines in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Children. 2022; 9(9):1413. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091413
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiskin, Arieh, Adir Iofe, Donia Zidan, Irit Shoris, Arina Toropine, Rasha Zoabi-Safadi, David Bader, and Ayala Gover. 2022. "An Observational Study on the Use of Peripheral Intravenous Lines vs. Central Lines in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit" Children 9, no. 9: 1413. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091413