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Article

Craniofacial Growth at Age 6–11 Years after One-Stage Cleft Lip and Palate Repair: A Retrospective Comparative Study with Historical Controls

by
Benito K. Benitez
1,2,3,*,
Seraina K. Weibel
1,
Florian S. Halbeisen
4,
Yoriko Lill
1,2,3,
Prasad Nalabothu
1,2,3,
Ana Tache
1,2,3,5 and
Andreas A. Mueller
1,2,3
1
Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
2
Facial and Cranial Anomalies Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
3
Facial and Cranial Anomalies Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterials Science Centre, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
4
Surgical Outcome Research Center Basel, University Hospital and University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
5
Cleft & Craniofacial Team, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Children 2022, 9(8), 1228; https://doi.org/10.3390/children9081228
Submission received: 20 June 2022 / Revised: 1 August 2022 / Accepted: 11 August 2022 / Published: 13 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Cleft Lip in Children)
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Abstract

Background: Primary alveolar bone grafting inhibits craniofacial growth. However, its effect on craniofacial growth in one-stage cleft lip and palate protocols is unknown. This study investigated whether primary alveolar bone grafting performed during one-stage unilateral cleft lip and palate repair negatively affects growth up to 6–11 years old. Methods: The craniofacial growth, dental arch relationship and palatal morphology at 6–11 years old in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate were compared retrospectively. Two cohorts after a one-stage protocol without (Group A) and with (Group B) primary bone grafting at the same center were compared. Further, cephalometric measurements for growth were compared with an external cohort of a one-stage protocol and a heathy control. Results: Group A comprised 16 patients assessed at 6.8 years (SD 0.83), and Group B comprised 15 patients assessed at 9 years (SD 2.0). Cephalometric measurements indicated similar sagittal maxillary growth deficits and a significant deviation in maxillary inclination in both groups compared to the healthy group. Moderate to severe changes in palatal morphology were observed in 70% of the members in both groups. Conclusion: Omitting primary alveolar bone grafting under the one-stage protocol with two-flap palatoplasty studied did not improve growth at 6–11 years. The results implicate two-flap palatoplasty with secondary healing as having greater adverse effects on growth than primary alveolar bone grafting. Dental and palatal morphology was considerably compromised regardless of primary alveolar bone grafting.
Keywords: cleft lip; cleft palate; growth and development; treatment outcome; cephalometry cleft lip; cleft palate; growth and development; treatment outcome; cephalometry

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MDPI and ACS Style

Benitez, B.K.; Weibel, S.K.; Halbeisen, F.S.; Lill, Y.; Nalabothu, P.; Tache, A.; Mueller, A.A. Craniofacial Growth at Age 6–11 Years after One-Stage Cleft Lip and Palate Repair: A Retrospective Comparative Study with Historical Controls. Children 2022, 9, 1228. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9081228

AMA Style

Benitez BK, Weibel SK, Halbeisen FS, Lill Y, Nalabothu P, Tache A, Mueller AA. Craniofacial Growth at Age 6–11 Years after One-Stage Cleft Lip and Palate Repair: A Retrospective Comparative Study with Historical Controls. Children. 2022; 9(8):1228. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9081228

Chicago/Turabian Style

Benitez, Benito K., Seraina K. Weibel, Florian S. Halbeisen, Yoriko Lill, Prasad Nalabothu, Ana Tache, and Andreas A. Mueller. 2022. "Craniofacial Growth at Age 6–11 Years after One-Stage Cleft Lip and Palate Repair: A Retrospective Comparative Study with Historical Controls" Children 9, no. 8: 1228. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9081228

APA Style

Benitez, B. K., Weibel, S. K., Halbeisen, F. S., Lill, Y., Nalabothu, P., Tache, A., & Mueller, A. A. (2022). Craniofacial Growth at Age 6–11 Years after One-Stage Cleft Lip and Palate Repair: A Retrospective Comparative Study with Historical Controls. Children, 9(8), 1228. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9081228

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