The Impact of Sex on Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Young Patients: From Stroke Occurrence to Poststroke Consequences
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Sex Distribution in Different Populations of Young Patients with AIS
3.1. Paediatric Population
3.2. Young Adults
4. Clinical Presentation of AIS According to Patients’ Sex
4.1. Symptoms of AIS in Paediatric Population
4.2. Symptoms of AIS in Young Adults
5. Poststroke Outcome According to Sex
5.1. Poststroke Outcome in Paediatric Population
5.2. Poststroke Outcome in Young Adults
6. The Role of Hormones in AIS
7. Genetic Risk Factors for AIS According to Sex
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Type of the Study | Population | Number of Cases | Age at Time of AIS | Females n (%) | Males n (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kopyta et al. [4] | Retrospective | Patients hospitalized in the Department of Pediatric Neurology of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland) | 89 | From 1 month to 18 years old | 37 (42) | 52 (58) |
Sultan et al. [5] | Cross-sectional analysis | Patients from the International Pediatric Stroke Study (IPSS) registry | 1652 | From 28 days of age to 18 years old | 679 (41.1) | 973 (58.9) |
Coen Herak et al. [6] | Retrospective | Patients admitted to the Department of Neuropediatrics, Children’s Hospital Zagreb, and the Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb (Croatia) | 73 | Below 18 years old | 25 (34) | 48 (66) |
Lopez-Espejo et al. [7] | Single centre-prospective observational study | Patients admitted to the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile’s Clinical Hospital (Chile) | 119 | Between 30 days and 18 years old | 45 (37.8) | 74 (62.2) |
deVeber et al. [17] | Prospective, national population-based study | Patients registered in the Canadian Pediatric Ischemic Stroke Registry diagnosed with AIS in any of the 16 Canadian acute care paediatric hospitals (Canada) | 933 | From birth to 28 days and from 29 days to 18 years | 420 (45) | 513 (55) |
Bohmer et al. [21] | Retrospective | Patients admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Muenster (Germany) | 86 | >29 days and <18 years old | 42 (49) | 44 (51) |
Steinlin et al. [22] | Retrospective | Patient cohorts with FCA from Switzerland and Australia | 73 | From 1 month to 18 years old | 36 (49.3) | 37 (50.7) |
Per et al. [23] | Retrospective | Patients diagnosed at Erciyes University Children’s Hospital in Central Anatolia (Turkey) | 130 | From 1 month to 16 years old | 62 (47.7) | 68 (52.3) |
Rambaud et al. [24] | Retrospective cohort study | Patients with a first-ever ischemic stroke hospitalized in 10 French academic centres (France) | 60 | 10–18 years old | 28 (47) | 32 (53) |
Nowak-Göttl et al. [25] | Prospective multicentre study | Patients recruited from different geographic areas of Germany | 198 | from 6 months to 16 years old | 105 (53) | 93 (47) |
Masri and Al-Ammouri [26] | Retrospective | Patients from the Child Neurology Clinic at Jordan University Hospital (Jordan) | 24 | 1 month to 13 years (median: 5 years) | 12 (50) | 12 (50) |
Total, n | 3437 | 1491 | 1946 |
Study | Type of the Study | Population | Number of Cases | Age at Time of AIS | Females n (%) | Males n (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bergman et al. [42] | Retrospective, nationwide cohort study | Cohort was based on three registries: the Swedish Stroke Register, the Swedish National Patient Register and the National Board of Health and Welfare, and the Population Register (Sweden) | 2599 | 15–44 | 1088 (41.9) | 1511 (58.1) |
Martínez-Sánchez et al. [43] | Retrospective | Patients admitted at the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid (Spain) | 310/38 * | 15–50/ 15–30 * | 128 (42.3)/ 18 (47.4) * | 182 (58.7)/ 20 (52.6) * |
Spengos and Vemmos [44] | Prospective, cooperative observational study | Patients admitted to the Departments of Neurology and Clinical Therapeutics of the Athens University Medical School (Greece) | 253/48 * | 15–45/ 15–30 * | 110 (43.5)/ 27 (56.2) * | 143 (56.5)/ 21 (43.8) * |
Kwon et al. [45] | Retrospective | Patients admitted to the Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul (South Korea) | 149 | 15–44 | 37 (24.8) | 112 (75.2) |
Tang et al. [46] | Retrospective cohort study | Young adults with ischemic stroke consecutively admitted to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (China) | 411 | 18–50 | 129 (31.4) | 282 (68.6) |
Aigner et al. [47] | Nationwide case–control study | Patients with first-ever stroke from Germany | 2009 | 18–55 | 762 (37.9) | 1247 (62.1) |
Putaala et al. [48] | Retrospective | Patients aged 15 to 49 admitted to Helsinki University Central Hospital (Finland) | 1008 | 15–49 | 380 (37.7) | 628 (62.3) |
Arntz et al. [49] | Prospective cohort study | Patients recruited in the Follow-Up of Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke Patients and Unelucidated Risk Factor Evaluation (FUTURE) study and admitted to the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre (Netherlands) | 337 | 18–50 | 240 (54.6) | 153 (45.4) |
Ekker et al. [50] | Registry-based cohort study | Cohort was based on two registries: the Dutch nationwide hospital registry and the National Cause of Death Registry (Netherlands) | 8444 | 18–49 | 4593 (54.4) | 3851 (45.6) |
Leppert et al. [51] | Retrospective cohort study | Randomly selected sample of a large commercial health insurance database, PharMetrics | 5218 | 15–54 | 2651 (50.8) | 2567 (49.2) |
Onwuchekwa et al. [52] | Retrospective, descriptive study | Patients admitted to the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State (Nigeria) | 54 | 18–45 | 26 (48.1) | 28 (51.9) |
Wu et al. [53] | Retrospective | Patients in a hospital-based population in South Auckland (New Zealand) | 131 | 15–45 | 66 (50.4) | 65 (49.6) |
Lasek-Bal et al. [54] | Retrospective | Patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurology and Department of Child Neurology/Division of Pediatrics and Developmental Age Neurology in Katowice (Poland) | 141 | 1–51 | 67 (47.5) | 74 (52.5) |
Total, n | 21,064/86 * | 10,277/45 * | 10,843/41 * |
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Sarecka-Hujar, B.; Kopyta, I. The Impact of Sex on Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Young Patients: From Stroke Occurrence to Poststroke Consequences. Children 2021, 8, 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8030238
Sarecka-Hujar B, Kopyta I. The Impact of Sex on Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Young Patients: From Stroke Occurrence to Poststroke Consequences. Children. 2021; 8(3):238. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8030238
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarecka-Hujar, Beata, and Ilona Kopyta. 2021. "The Impact of Sex on Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Young Patients: From Stroke Occurrence to Poststroke Consequences" Children 8, no. 3: 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8030238