Halitosis in Children Undergoing Full Mouth Rehabilitation under General Anesthesia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Clinical Examinations and Breath Sample Collection
2.3. Follow-up Visit
2.4. Sample Size and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Data
3.2. Parents’ Perception of Halitosis in Their Children
3.3. Breath Sample Analysis
3.4. Clinical Parameters
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Mean ± SD | Frequency (%) |
---|---|---|
Age | 5.4 ± 1.6 | |
Child gender
| ||
18 (31.6%) | ||
39 (68.4%) | ||
Questionnaire filled by
| ||
41(72%) | ||
16(28%) | ||
Parents perception of halitosis in their child
| ||
34 (59.6%) | ||
23 (40.4%) | ||
Clinical halitosis (OralChromaTM)
| ||
48 (84.2%) | ||
9 (15.8%) |
Clinical Halitosis | After FMR | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Halitosis | Halitosis | Total | |||
Before FMR | No Halitosis | 7 (77.8) | 2 (22.2) | 9 (15.8) | <0.001 * |
Halitosis | 27 (56.3) | 21 (43.7) | 48 (84.2) | ||
Total | 34 (59.6) | 23 (40.4) | 57 (100) |
VSCs | Median (IQR) | p-Value * | |
---|---|---|---|
H2S | Before FMR | 225 (396) | <0.001 |
After FMR | 28 (141) | ||
CH3SH | Before FMR | 62 (116) | <0.001 |
After FMR | 2 (24) | ||
CH3SCH3 | Before FMR | 10 (34) | <0.001 |
After FMR | 0 (3) |
Clinical Parameters | Before FMR | After FMR | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
MGI N(%) | |||
• No gingival inflammation | 34 (59.6) | 48 (84.2) | 0.001 ** |
• Inflamed gingiva | 23 (40.4) | 9 (15.8) | |
DI median (IQR) | 4 (1) | 2 (1) | <0.001 * |
WTCI median (IQR) | 4 (1.5) | 2 (2) | <0.001 * |
Decayed median (IQR) | 10 (4) | 0 | <0.001 * |
Missing median (IQR) | 0 | 4 (4) | <0.001 * |
Filled median (IQR) | 0 | 7 (4.5) | <0.001 * |
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AlMadhi, N.A.; Sulimany, A.M.; Alzoman, H.A.; Bawazir, O.A. Halitosis in Children Undergoing Full Mouth Rehabilitation under General Anesthesia. Children 2021, 8, 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8020149
AlMadhi NA, Sulimany AM, Alzoman HA, Bawazir OA. Halitosis in Children Undergoing Full Mouth Rehabilitation under General Anesthesia. Children. 2021; 8(2):149. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8020149
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlMadhi, Noura A., Ayman M. Sulimany, Hamad A. Alzoman, and Omar A. Bawazir. 2021. "Halitosis in Children Undergoing Full Mouth Rehabilitation under General Anesthesia" Children 8, no. 2: 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8020149