Interactive Dyadic Physical Activity and Spatial Proximity Patterns in 2-Year-Olds and Their Parents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Site and Sample
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Physical Activity
2.2.2. Proximity
2.2.3. Additional Measures
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Dyadic Activity–Proximity Interdependencies
3.1.1. Without Proximity
3.1.2. With Proximity
3.2. Overall Daily Child-Parent PA
3.2.1. Without Proximity
3.2.2. With Proximity
3.3. Hour-to-Hour Interactive Child-Parent PA
3.3.1. Without Proximity
3.3.2. With Proximity
3.4. Joint Dyadic PA
3.4.1. Daily Activity Time
3.4.2. Dyadic Distance
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dyads (n = 65) | ||
---|---|---|
Variables | Children | Parents |
Sex | ||
Female (n) | 34 | 63 |
Male (n) | 31 | 2 |
Age | 29(4) months | 32(6) years |
Income below Federal Poverty Level (%) | 100 | |
Family Size (n) | 4.1(1.2) | |
Country of Origin (%) (n = 58) | ||
Mexico | 66.7% | |
Dominican Republic | 6.8% | |
Ecuador | 10.0% | |
USA | 8.3% | |
Other | 8.2% | |
Education (%) (n = 55) | ||
Less than High School | 50.9% | |
High School Diploma/GED | 29.1% | |
Associates Degree/Some College | 10.9% | |
College Degree/Graduate Degree | 9.1% | |
Accelerometer Wear time | ||
Days | 5.5(1.5) | 6.4(1.0) |
Weekend days (n = 53) | 1.4(0.8) | 1.6(0.7) |
Hours/day | 10.1(1.3) | 12.3(1.5) |
Daily Minutes by Activity Intensity | ||
SED | 312.6(61.3) | 415.2(84.0) |
TPA | 293.7(60.1) | 356.1(83.2) |
MVPA | 61.3(27.6) | 27.2(15.9) |
Meeting PA Guidelines (%) | ||
MVPA | 44.6 a | 40.0 b |
TPA | 98.5 c | |
Proximity Wear Time (n = 34) | ||
Days | 6.4(1.1) | |
Hours/day | 12.4(1.4) |
Girl-Mother Dyads (n = 15) | Boy-Mother Dyads (n = 19) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Girls | Mothers | Boys | Mothers | |
Time (%) spent in each intensity while proximal | ||||
SED | 38(21)% | 40(19)% | 35(13)% | 46(11)% |
LPA | 32(13)% | 34(15)% | 28(5)% | 28(9)% |
MVPA | 5(4)% | 3(3)% | 7(4)% | 3(3)% |
Relative distance (z-scores) | ||||
SED | 0.07(0.17) | −0.13(0.33) | 0.11(0.29) | −0.07(0.48) |
LPA | 0.23(0.16) | 0.18(0.15) | 0.12(0.29) | 0.15(0.31) |
MVPA | 0.12(0.18) | 0.24(0.19) | 0.27(0.36) | −0.17(0.41) |
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McCullough, A.K.; Duch, H.; Garber, C.E. Interactive Dyadic Physical Activity and Spatial Proximity Patterns in 2-Year-Olds and Their Parents. Children 2018, 5, 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5120167
McCullough AK, Duch H, Garber CE. Interactive Dyadic Physical Activity and Spatial Proximity Patterns in 2-Year-Olds and Their Parents. Children. 2018; 5(12):167. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5120167
Chicago/Turabian StyleMcCullough, Aston K., Helena Duch, and Carol Ewing Garber. 2018. "Interactive Dyadic Physical Activity and Spatial Proximity Patterns in 2-Year-Olds and Their Parents" Children 5, no. 12: 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5120167