Fever in Children: Pearls and Pitfalls
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Measurement of Fever in Children
3. Increased Body Temperature as a Diagnostic Sign
4. The Value of Associated Clinical Findings
5. Evaluation of Infants and Young Children with a Fever
6. The Value of Clinical Prediction Rules
7. Fever in Children with Disability and Cognitive Impairment
8. Recurrent Fevers
9. Fever of Unknown Origin
10. Treatment of Fever
11. Adverse Effects of Fever Treatment
12. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mechanism | Drugs |
---|---|
Altered thermoregulation | Antihistamines, antileukotrienes, atropine, levothyroxine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, phenothiazines, epinephrine |
Administration related | Amphotericin B, bleomycin, cephalosporins, vaccines, vancomycin |
Pharmacologic action of the drug | Anti-neoplastic agents (e.g., 6-mercaptopurine, bleomycin, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cytosine arabinoside, L-asparaginase, vincristine), heparin, sirolimus, everolimus. |
Idiosyncratic reaction | Anesthetic agents (e.g., enflurane, halothane) chloramphenicol, haloperidol, phenothiazines, nitrofurantoin, primaquine phosphate, quinidine, quinine, sulphonamides |
Hypersensitivity reaction | Allopurinol, antimicrobial agents, carbamazepine, phenytoin, procainamide, quinidine, quinine, sulphonamides |
Risk Factors | |||
---|---|---|---|
Ibuprofen | Acetaminophen | ||
Gastrointestinal Complications | Renal Injury | Hepatotoxicity | |
Previous peptic ulcer High dose or multiple NSAIDs use Concomitant corticosteroid therapy Concomitant anticoagulant therapy | High dose Volume depletion Low urine output Concomitant use of diuretics, ACE inhibitors, sartans Concomitant administration of acetaminophen | Diabetes mellitus Obesity Chronic undernutrition or prolonged fasting Myopathies Protracted therapy. Concomitant therapy with antiepileptic drugs, isoniazid, rifampin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. | |
Contraindications | |||
Ibuprofen | Acetaminophen | ||
Allergy, angioedema or bronchospasm reactivity to NSAIDs Volume depletion Renal impairment Hepatic impairment/portal hypertension Duct-dependent congenital heart diseases Thrombocytopenia or clotting disorders Active peptic ulcer disease Inflammatory bowel diseases | Allergy, angioedema or bronchospastic reactivity to acetaminophen Severe hepatic impairment |
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Barbi, E.; Marzuillo, P.; Neri, E.; Naviglio, S.; Krauss, B.S. Fever in Children: Pearls and Pitfalls. Children 2017, 4, 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/children4090081
Barbi E, Marzuillo P, Neri E, Naviglio S, Krauss BS. Fever in Children: Pearls and Pitfalls. Children. 2017; 4(9):81. https://doi.org/10.3390/children4090081
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarbi, Egidio, Pierluigi Marzuillo, Elena Neri, Samuele Naviglio, and Baruch S. Krauss. 2017. "Fever in Children: Pearls and Pitfalls" Children 4, no. 9: 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/children4090081
APA StyleBarbi, E., Marzuillo, P., Neri, E., Naviglio, S., & Krauss, B. S. (2017). Fever in Children: Pearls and Pitfalls. Children, 4(9), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/children4090081