Histological Grade, Tumor Breadth, and Hypertension Predict Early Recurrence in Pediatric Sarcoma: A LASSO-Regularized Micro-Cohort Study
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Dataset
2.2. Data Cleaning and Encoding
- Missing-value handling:
- ○
- Numeric features: median imputation.
- ○
- Categorical features: mode imputation.
- Feature encoding:
- ○
- Numeric variables were z-standardized (μ = 0, σ = 1).
- ○
- Categorical variables underwent one-hot encoding with drop_first = True; unseen levels were handled via handle_unknown = ‘ignore’.
2.3. Dimensionality Reduction and Outlier Detection
2.4. Predictive Modeling
2.5. Variable Importance
2.6. Software and Reproducibility
3. Results
Predictive Performance
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Test | Groups | Χ2 (df) | p-Value | Interpretation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hosmer–Lemeshow | four equal-sized risk quartiles | 1.9 (2) | 0.39 | No evidence of lack-of-fit |
Predictor | LASSO OR | Firth OR | Concordance |
---|---|---|---|
Histological Grade | 2.18 | 2.25 | X |
Tumor Width | 2.04 | 2.10 | X |
Arterial Hypertension | 1.70 | 1.72 | X |
Extremity | 1.90 | 1.88 | X |
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Rank | Predictor | β (Log-Odds) | OR |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Histological grading (G0–Gx) | +0.78 | 2.18 |
2 | Primary tumor width (cm) | +0.71 | 2.04 |
3 | Extremity (yes/no) | +0.64 | 1.90 |
4 | Arterial hypertension (yes/no) | +0.53 | 1.70 |
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Fiedler, A.; Dadras, M.; Drysch, M.; Schmidt, S.V.; Puscz, F.; Reinkemeier, F.; Lehnhardt, M.; Wallner, C. Histological Grade, Tumor Breadth, and Hypertension Predict Early Recurrence in Pediatric Sarcoma: A LASSO-Regularized Micro-Cohort Study. Children 2025, 12, 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12060806
Fiedler A, Dadras M, Drysch M, Schmidt SV, Puscz F, Reinkemeier F, Lehnhardt M, Wallner C. Histological Grade, Tumor Breadth, and Hypertension Predict Early Recurrence in Pediatric Sarcoma: A LASSO-Regularized Micro-Cohort Study. Children. 2025; 12(6):806. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12060806
Chicago/Turabian StyleFiedler, Alexander, Mehran Dadras, Marius Drysch, Sonja Verena Schmidt, Flemming Puscz, Felix Reinkemeier, Marcus Lehnhardt, and Christoph Wallner. 2025. "Histological Grade, Tumor Breadth, and Hypertension Predict Early Recurrence in Pediatric Sarcoma: A LASSO-Regularized Micro-Cohort Study" Children 12, no. 6: 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12060806
APA StyleFiedler, A., Dadras, M., Drysch, M., Schmidt, S. V., Puscz, F., Reinkemeier, F., Lehnhardt, M., & Wallner, C. (2025). Histological Grade, Tumor Breadth, and Hypertension Predict Early Recurrence in Pediatric Sarcoma: A LASSO-Regularized Micro-Cohort Study. Children, 12(6), 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12060806