Systemic Inflammatory Indices in Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn: A Retrospective Case–Control Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Plan
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Systemic Inflammatory Index Markers (SII-i, SIR-i, NL-r, and PL-r)
- NL-r = neutrophil–lymphocyte counts;
- PL-r = platelet–lymphocyte counts;
- SII-i = (neutrophil×platelet)–lymphocyte counts;
- SIR-i = (neutrophil×monocyte)–lymphocyte counts.
2.5. Ethics Approval
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
3.2. Comparison of Inflammatory Markers Between TTN and Control Groups
3.3. Subgroup Analysis Based on Delivery Mode
3.4. Comparison of Late Preterm and Term Infants in the TTN Group
3.5. Correlation Between Clinical Outcomes and Inflammatory Markers
3.6. Regression Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Features | % (n) |
Group | |
TTN * | 61.8 (123) |
Control | 38.2 (76) |
Gender | |
Male | 60.3 (120) |
Female | 39.7 (79) |
Delivery Mode | |
C/S ** | 74.4 (148) |
Vaginal delivery | 25.6 (51) |
Variable | Median (25–75 IQR) |
Gestational age (weeks) | 37 (36–38) |
Apgar score (1st min) | 8 (8–9) |
Apgar score (5th min) | 9 (9–10) |
Birth weight (grams) | 2890 (2565–3205) |
NIV *** requirement (hour) | 24 (10–48) |
Maximum FiO2 **** | 25 (21–30) |
Leukocytes (×103/μL) | 14.9 (11.7–19.3) |
Neutrophils (×103/μL) | 8.9 (5.4–12.8) |
Lymphocytes (×103/μL) | 4.1 (3.2–4.8) |
Platelets (×103/μL) | 304 (250–353) |
NLR | 2.50 (1.43–3.80) |
PLR | 74.18 (59.55–93.33) |
SII ɸ (×103) | 709 (422–1070) |
SIRI § (×103) | 2.9 (1.3–5.9) |
Variable | TTN Group n = 123 з | Control Group n = 76 з | p1 * | Vaginal Delivery n = 51 з | C/S n = 148 з | p2 ¥ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gestational age (weeks) | 37 (36–38) | 38 (36–39) | 0.280 | 37 (36–38) | 38 (36–40) | 0.003 |
Birth weight (grams) | 2860 (2550–3190) | 2972 (2705–3372) | 0.130 | 2845 (2553–3190) | 2985 (2640–3330) | 0.119 |
Apgar score 1st min | 8 (7–9) | 8 (7–9) | 0.564 | 8 (7–9) | 8 (8–9) | 0.004 |
Apgar score 5th min | 9 (9–10) | 9 (9–10) | 0.936 | 9 (9–10) | 10 (9–10) | 0.034 |
Leukocytes (×103/μL) | 16.4 (12.9–20.4) | 12.5 (10.2–16.0) | <0.001 | 15.1 (11.9–18.9) | 14.9 (10.5–22.0) | 0.889 |
Neutrophils (×103/μL) | 10.1 (6.7–13.6) | 7.4 (4.1–11.4) | 0.001 | 8.8 (5.5–12.5) | 10.5 (4.7–15.8) | 0.417 |
Lymphocytes (×103/μL) | 4.1 (3.1–4.9) | 4.0 (3.3–4.7) | 0.916 | 4.2 (3.3–4.9) | 4.0 (3.7–4.5) | 0.090 |
Platelets (×103/μL) | 305 (257–348) | 297 (244–360) | 0.609 | 306 (256–357) | 287 (244–346) | 0.198 |
NLR | 2.54 (1.54–3.81) | 1.75 (1.13–3.10) | 0.197 | 2.32 (1.38–3.61) | 3.20 (1.70–4.49) | 0.049 |
PLR | 72.2 (59.7–93.3) | 87.75 (54.9–97.7) | 0.558 | 71.6 (59.1–87.6) | 83.54 (60.4–97.9) | 0.224 |
SII ɸ (×103) | 729 (428–1071) | 374 (230–1286) | 0.276 | 645 (396–1059) | 936 (438–1558) | 0.040 |
SIRI § (×103) | 3.1 (1.4–6.0) | 1.6 (0.6–7.4) | 0.332 | 2.6 (1.3–4.5) | 4.6 (2.1–7.3) | 0.049 |
Variable | Late Preterm n = 40 з | Early Term n = 61 з | Full Term n = 22 з | All Term n = 83 з | p1 * | p2 ** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gestational age (weeks) | 35 (35–36) | 37 (37–38) | 39 (39–40) | 38 (37–40) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Birth weight (grams) | 2582 (2357–2860) | 2900 (2700–3180) | 3313 (2920–3725) | 2945 (2760–3295) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Apgar score (1st min) | 8 (7–8) | 8 (8–9) | 8.5 (7.8–9) | 8 (8–9) | 0.006 | 0.024 |
Apgar score (5th min) | 9 (9–10) | 9 (9–10) | 9.5 (9–10) | 10 (9–10) | 0.016 | 0.059 |
NIV *** requirement (hour) | 24 (13–72) | 24 (9.5–48) | 24 (12–48) | 24 (10–48) | 0.511 | 0.768 |
Maximum FiO2 **** | 25 (21–30) | 25 (21–30) | 25 (21–30) | 25 (21–30) | 0.606 | 0.876 |
Leukocytes (×103/μL) | 15.4 (12.1–18.3) | 17.0 (13.0–20.1) | 20.2 (14.0–24.3) | 17.5 (13.4–20.9) | 0.044 | 0.013 |
Neutrophils (×103/μL) | 8.9 (6.1–11.7) | 10.7 (6.9–13.9) | 13.3 (8.3–16.8) | 11.3 (7.0–15.0) | 0.037 | 0.033 |
Lymphocytes (×103/μL) | 4.1 (3.1–5.1) | 4.0 (3.1–4.7) | 4.3 (3.4–4.9) | 4.1 (3.1–4.9) | 0.580 | 0.717 |
Platelets (×103/μL) | 311 (244–384) | 289 (258–334) | 315 (255–359) | 290 (257–341) | 0.355 | 0.387 |
NLR | 2.04 (1.17–3.28) | 2.58 (1.76–3.80) | 3.9 (2.2–5.2) | 3.08 (1.88–4.0) | 0.016 | 0.022 |
PLR | 67.6 (54.7–94.0) | 79.6 (63.2–93.3) | 65.2 (58.6–91.1) | 76.3 (61.2–92.2) | 0.358 | 0.451 |
SII ɸ (×103) | 539 (316–1072) | 779 (528–1069) | 894 (426–1157) | 792 (520–1070) | 0.110 | 0.312 |
SIRI § (×103) | 2.2 (1.2–4.2) | 2.7 (1.6–6.0) | 6.1 (3.5–10.3) | 3.9 (1.6–6.7) | 0.046 | 0.014 |
Birth Weight | Apgar Score (1st Min) | Apgar Score (5th Min) | NLR | PLR | SII | SIRI | NIV Requirement *** | Maximum FiO2 **** | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Birth weight | Cor. Coef. ¥ Sig N | 1 123 | ||||||||
Apgar score (1st min) | Cor. Coef. Sig N | 0.225 0.012 * 123 | 1 123 | |||||||
Apgar score (5th min) | Cor. Coef. Sig N | 0.168 0.063 123 | 0.882 ** <0.001 123 | 1 123 | ||||||
NL-r | Cor. Coef. Sig N | 0.188 0.058 123 | 0.269 ** 0.004 123 | 0.311 0.001 123 | 1 123 | |||||
PL-r | Cor. Coef. Sig N | −0.056 0.573 123 | −0.103 0.299 123 | 0.057 0.569 123 | 0.277 ** 0.005 123 | 1 123 | ||||
SI-i | Cor. Coef. Sig N | 0.092 0.355 123 | 0.107 0.284 123 | 0.197 * 0.046 123 | 0.810 ** <0.001 123 | 0.484 ** <0.001 123 | 1 123 | |||
SIR-i | Cor. Coef. Sig N | 0.180 0.068 123 | 0.185 0.062 123 | 0.176 * 0.076 123 | 0.891 ** <0.001 123 | 0.138 0.164 123 | 0.745 ** <0.001 123 | 1 123 | ||
NIV requirement *** | Cor. Coef. Sig N | −0.147 0.104 123 | −0.179 * 0.048 123 | −0.116 0.201 123 | 0.017 0.867 123 | 0.150 0.132 123 | 0.059 0.554 123 | 0.009 0.927 123 | 1 123 | |
Maximum FiO2 | Cor. Coef. Sig N | −0.082 0.370 123 | −0.023 0.800 123 | −0.053 0.559 123 | −0.154 0.121 123 | 0.056 0.577 123 | −0.174 0.078 123 | −0.166 0.094 123 | 0.212 * 0.018 123 | 1 123 |
AOR | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Delivery Mode | 3.78 | 2.40–8.08 | 0.011 |
Birth weight | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.616 |
Apgar score (1st min) | 1.52 | 0.89–2.28 | 0.517 |
Apgar score (5th min) | 0.84 | 0.56–1.26 | 0.944 |
NL-r | 1.36 | 0.37–1.76 | 0.166 |
PL-r | 1.00 | 0.96–1.04 | 0.930 |
SII-i | 0.98 | 0.95–1.01 | 0.811 |
SIR-i | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.212 |
Gender | 0.02 | 0.01–0.10 | 0.956 |
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Aslan, M.T.; Güney Varal, İ.; Tunç, G.; Bağcı, O.; Ören, A. Systemic Inflammatory Indices in Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn: A Retrospective Case–Control Study. Children 2025, 12, 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12060727
Aslan MT, Güney Varal İ, Tunç G, Bağcı O, Ören A. Systemic Inflammatory Indices in Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn: A Retrospective Case–Control Study. Children. 2025; 12(6):727. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12060727
Chicago/Turabian StyleAslan, Mustafa Törehan, İpek Güney Varal, Gaffari Tunç, Onur Bağcı, and Ayşe Ören. 2025. "Systemic Inflammatory Indices in Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn: A Retrospective Case–Control Study" Children 12, no. 6: 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12060727
APA StyleAslan, M. T., Güney Varal, İ., Tunç, G., Bağcı, O., & Ören, A. (2025). Systemic Inflammatory Indices in Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn: A Retrospective Case–Control Study. Children, 12(6), 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12060727