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Volume 11
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10.3390/children11060747
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Systematic Review

Correlation between Early Visual Functions and Cognitive Outcome in Infants at Risk for Cerebral Palsy or Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review

by
Olena Chorna
1,2,
Giulia Corsi
2,
Sabrina Del Secco
2,
Ada Bancale
2 and
Andrea Guzzetta
2,3,*
1
Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
2
Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
3
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Children 2024, 11(6), 747; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11060747
Submission received: 6 May 2024 / Revised: 12 June 2024 / Accepted: 13 June 2024 / Published: 19 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Neurology & Neurodevelopmental Disorders)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Early key visual skills, such as tracking objects, sustaining gaze, and shifting attention, rapidly develop within the first 6 months of infant life. These abilities play a significant role in the development of cognitive functions but are frequently compromised in infants at risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders. This systematic review evaluates the potential of early vision function in the prediction of cognition at or above 12 months. Five databases were searched for relevant articles, and their quality was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. Eight studies were suitable, including 521 preterm-born infants at varying risk of developing Cerebral Palsy (CP). Each study showed a significant correlation between vision and cognitive outcome. Predictive analysis including sensitivity and specificity was possible for three studies. Methodological quality was variable. Sensitivity ranged between 57 and 100% in the vision function assessments items, while specificity ranged from 59 to 100%. In conclusion, early vision showed strong correlation with cognition ≥ 12 months. While no single vision assessment was found to be superior, evaluation of specific functions, namely fixation and following, both at term age and between 3 and 6 months, demonstrated strong predictive validity.
Keywords: visual function; infant; cognition; cerebral palsy; preterm visual function; infant; cognition; cerebral palsy; preterm

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chorna, O.; Corsi, G.; Del Secco, S.; Bancale, A.; Guzzetta, A. Correlation between Early Visual Functions and Cognitive Outcome in Infants at Risk for Cerebral Palsy or Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review. Children 2024, 11, 747. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11060747

AMA Style

Chorna O, Corsi G, Del Secco S, Bancale A, Guzzetta A. Correlation between Early Visual Functions and Cognitive Outcome in Infants at Risk for Cerebral Palsy or Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review. Children. 2024; 11(6):747. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11060747

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chorna, Olena, Giulia Corsi, Sabrina Del Secco, Ada Bancale, and Andrea Guzzetta. 2024. "Correlation between Early Visual Functions and Cognitive Outcome in Infants at Risk for Cerebral Palsy or Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review" Children 11, no. 6: 747. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11060747

APA Style

Chorna, O., Corsi, G., Del Secco, S., Bancale, A., & Guzzetta, A. (2024). Correlation between Early Visual Functions and Cognitive Outcome in Infants at Risk for Cerebral Palsy or Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review. Children, 11(6), 747. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11060747

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