Mapping the Physical Language of Children Diagnosed with Autism: A Preliminary Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Behavioral Characteristics among Siblings of Children with ASD
1.2. Physical Characteristic and Motor Skills among Children Diagnosed with ASD
1.3. Laban Movement Analysis
1.4. The Current Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Research Instruments
2.3. Observations
2.4. Movement Assessment Using Video
2.5. Procedure
2.6. Data Coding
2.7. Global Coding
- Hand use—hand looseness
- General posture—open
- General posture—closed
- Movement direction—inwards
- Weight—light
- Synchronization between right hand and left hand
2.8. Micro Analytic Coding
- Self-touch amount—the number of self-touch frames.
- Self-touch proportion—the number of self-touch frames divided by the total number of frames (steps 1 and 2 formulate the final proportion measure).
- Self-touch place (i.e., either belly, face, hand, or thigh).
2.9. Reliability between Judges
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. Physical Language
3.3. Self-Touch
4. Discussion
4.1. Physical Language
4.2. Self-Touch
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Body Attitude | Shape | Effort | Interpersonal Synchrony | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hand use | General posture | Movement direction | Weight | Synchrony between hands | |
hand looseness | open | closed | movement inwards | light | sync between right and left hand |
Feature | Kappa | Z | p-Value | Agreement |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hand looseness | 1.00 | 4.90 | <0.0001 | 100.00 |
General posture—open | 1.00 | 4.90 | <0.0001 | 100.00 |
General posture—closed | 1.00 | 4.90 | <0.0001 | 100.00 |
Movement—inwards | 1.00 | 4.90 | <0.0001 | 100.00 |
Weight—light | 0.92 | 4.51 | <0.0001 | 95.83 |
Synchronization between right and left hands | 1.00 | 4.90 | <0.0001 | 100.00 |
Type of Behavior | TD | ASD | X2(DF) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hand looseness | 0% | 100% | 24(1) | 0.001 |
General posture—open | 83.3% | 0% | 17(1) | 0.004 |
General posture—closed | 16.7% | 100% | 17(1) | 0.004 |
Movement—inwards | 0% | 100% | 24(1) | 0.001 |
Weight—light | 0% | 100% | 24(1) | 0.001 |
Synchronization between right hand and left hand | 100% | 0% | 24(1) | 0.001 |
Self-Touch Body Part | ASD, n = 3600 Frames | TD, n = 3600 Frames | F(1,22) | p-Value | Partial η2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belly | 103 (0.90%) | 17 (0.34%) | 3.45 | 0.09 | 0.13 |
Face | 123 (1.96%) | 57 (1.60%) | 0.44 | 0.52 | 0.02 |
Hand | 44 (0.90%) | 13 (0.01%) | 10.99 | 0.008 | 0.32 |
Thigh | 535 (16.76%) | 96 (2.10%) | 103.23 | <0.0001 | 0.82 |
Self-touch overall | 846 (22.70%) | 185 (5.00%) | 116.4 | <0.0001 | 0.84 |
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Federman, D.; Blustein, A.; Rabinowitch, T.-C. Mapping the Physical Language of Children Diagnosed with Autism: A Preliminary Study. Children 2023, 10, 1091. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071091
Federman D, Blustein A, Rabinowitch T-C. Mapping the Physical Language of Children Diagnosed with Autism: A Preliminary Study. Children. 2023; 10(7):1091. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071091
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederman, Dita, Adi Blustein, and Tal-Chen Rabinowitch. 2023. "Mapping the Physical Language of Children Diagnosed with Autism: A Preliminary Study" Children 10, no. 7: 1091. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071091