To Sample or to Specialise? Sport Participation Patterns of Youth Team Sport Male Players
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sport Starting Age, First Participation in the Main Sport, and Age of Specialisation
3.2. Quantity and Type of Practice
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Basketball | Football | Handball | Volleyball | Water Polo | F (pη2)2 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sport starting age | 5.47 ± 2.20 | 5.15 ± 1.74 | 5.28 ± 1.93 | 5.36 ± 2.40 | 5.05 ± 2.25 | 0.73 (0.01) | 0.57 |
First participation in the main sport | 8.56 ± 2.36 | 5.81 ± 1.98 * | 9.11 ± 2.72 | 8.97 ± 3.18 | 9.83 ± 1.87 | 42.65 (0.24) | <0.001 |
Age of specialisation | 9.64 ± 2.51 | 7.93 ± 3.11 * | 10.04 ± 2.92 | 10.21 ± 2.86 | 10.60 ± 1.90 | 15.26 (0.10) | <0.001 |
Age | Basketball | Football | Handball | Volleyball | Water Polo | F (pη2)2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6 years | 1.16 ± 0.80 | 1.20 ± 0.76 | 1.31 ± 0.83 | 1.21 ± 0.93 | 1.10 ± 0.89 | 0.86 (0.01) | 0.498 |
7 years | 1.17 ± 0.78 | 1.20 ± 0.70 | 1.25 ± 0.72 | 1.21 ± 0.80 | 1.18 ± 0.76 | 0.18 (0.01) | 0.949 |
8 years | 1.16 ± 0.72 | 1.24 ± 0.62 | 1.12 ± 0.69 | 1.24 ± 0.72 | 1.07 ± 0.63 | 1.06 (0.01) | 0.375 |
9 years | 1.17 ± 0.70 | 1.21 ± 0.47 | 1.13 ± 0.73 | 1.17 ± 0.75 | 1.12 ± 0.60 | 0.31 (0.01) | 0.873 |
10 years | 1.14 ± 0.62 | 1.19 ± 0.44 | 1.13 ± 0.72 | 1.21 ± 0.73 | 1.11 ± 0.61 | 0.40 (0.01) | 0.807 |
11 years | 1.11 ± 0.52 | 1.12 ± 0.36 | 1.09 ± 0.52 | 1.18 ± 0.60 | 1.11 ± 0.52 | 0.35 (0.01) | 0.847 |
12 years | 1.07 ± 0.41 | 1.12 ± 0.35 | 1.12 ± 0.58 | 1.05 ± 0.39 | 1.15 ± 0.61 | 0.64 (0.01) | 0.635 |
Age | Sport | Types of Sports | χ2 | p | V | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Team Games | CGS sports | AC Sports | Combat Sports | |||||||||
% | adj.res. | % | adj.res. | % | adj.res. | % | adj.res. | |||||
6 | Basketball | 29.7 | −0.2 | 33.0 | 0.6 | 50.0 | 0.6 | 37.5 | 0.6 | 76.504 | <0.001 | 0.187 |
Football | 34.5 | 4.8 * | 5.0 | −4.3 * | 0.0 | −0.7 | 18.8 | −0.2 | ||||
Handball | 20.3 | 0.2 | 19.0 | −0.2 | 0.0 | −0.7 | 25.0 | 0.6 | ||||
Volleyball | 12.8 | −0.6 | 10.0 | −1.4 | 0.0 | −0.6 | 18.8 | 0.5 | ||||
Water Polo | 2.7 | −4.9 * | 33.0 | 5.6 * | 50.0 | 1.4 | 0.0 | −1.7 | ||||
7 | Basketball | 31.5 | 0.4 | 28.0 | −0.6 | 0.0 | −0.7 | 38.5 | 0.6 | 86.737 | <0.001 | 0.199 |
Football | 31.5 | 4.9 * | 3.2 | −4.5 * | 0.0 | −0.5 | 7.7 | −1.2 | ||||
Handball | 18.2 | −0.6 | 21.5 | 0.5 | 0.0 | −0.5 | 15.4 | −0.4 | ||||
Volleyball | 12.8 | −0.8 | 8.6 | −1.7 | 0.0 | −0.4 | 23.1 | 0.9 | ||||
Water Polo | 5.9 | −4.6 * | 38.7 | 7.0 * | 0.0 | −0.4 | 15.4 | 0.0 | ||||
8 | Basketball | 30.3 | −0.1 | 23.9 | −1.5 | 0.0 | −1.3 | 25.0 | −0.4 | 80.906 | <0.001 | 0.192 |
Football | 29.9 | 4.7 * | 3.4 | −4.4 * | 0.0 | −1.0 | 8.3 | −1.1 | ||||
Handball | 17.8 | −0.9 | 23.9 | 1.1 | 50.0 | 1.5 | 25.0 | 0.5 | ||||
Volleyball | 13.7 | −0.4 | 11.4 | −0.9 | 0.0 | −0.8 | 16.7 | 0.2 | ||||
Water Polo | 8.3 | −3.9 * | 37.5 | 6.4 * | 50.0 | 1.5 | 25.0 | 1.0 | ||||
9 | Basketball | 30.2 | −0.1 | 22.8 | −1.3 | 0.0 | −1.3 | 18.2 | −0.9 | 60.006 | <0.001 | 0.166 |
Football | 27.8 | 4.4 * | 3.5 | −3.4 * | 0.0 | −1.0 | 9.1 | −1.0 | ||||
Handball | 18.6 | −0.7 | 26.3 | 1.4 | 50.0 | 1.5 | 36.4 | 1.4 | ||||
Volleyball | 12.0 | −1.6 | 12.3 | −0.5 | 0.0 | −0.8 | 18.2 | 0.4 | ||||
Water Polo | 11.3 | −2.6 * | 35.1 | 4.5 * | 50.0 | 1.2 | 18.2 | 0.3 | ||||
10 | Basketball | 29.9 | −0.4 | 21.4 | −1.1 | 20.0 | −0.5 | 40.0 | 0.5 | 45.379 | <0.001 | 0.144 |
Football | 25.2 | 3.4 * | 3.4 | −2.8 * | 0.0 | −1.1 | 0.0 | −1.1 | ||||
Handball | 18.8 | −0.6 | 32.1 | 1.7 | 20.0 | 0.0 | 20.0 | 1.3 | ||||
Volleyball | 12.8 | −1.2 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.9 | 0.0 | −0.9 | ||||
Water Polo | 13.3 | −1.5 | 32.1 | 2.6 * | 20.0 | 1.2 | 0.0 | −0.9 | ||||
11 | Basketball | 31.2 | 0.6 | 7.7 | −1.6 | 0.0 | −0.9 | 0.0 | −1.3 | 45.726 | <0.001 | 0.145 |
Football | 23.7 | 2.9 * | 0.0 | −1.9 * | 0.0 | −0.7 | 0.0 | −1.0 | ||||
Handball | 18.5 | −1.2 | 38.5 | 1.6 | 50.0 | 1.1 | 10.0 | 1.1 | ||||
Volleyball | 12.4 | −1.6 | 15.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | −0.6 | 0.0 | −0.8 | ||||
Water Polo | 14.1 | −1.1 | 38.5 | 2.4 * | 50.0 | 1.4 | 0.0 | −0.8 | ||||
12 | Basketball | 31.3 | 1.2 | 0.0 | −1.2 | 0.0 | −0.9 | 26.8 | −0.6 | 23.109 | 0.111 | 0.103 |
Football | 21.5 | 2.0 * | 0.0 | −1.5 | 0.0 | −0.7 | 23.2 | 0.5 | ||||
Handball | 18.7 | −1.3 | 22.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | −0.7 | 23.2 | 0.7 | ||||
Volleyball | 13.9 | −0.6 | 24.4 | 1.2 | 50.0 | 1.4 | 10.7 | −0.8 | ||||
Water Polo | 14.6 | −0.7 | 33.3 | 1.5 | 50.0 | 1.4 | 16.1 | 0.2 |
Age | Basketball | Football | Handball | Volleyball | Water Polo | F (pη2) 2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6 years | 3.41 ± 2.36 | 3.21 ± 2.51 | 3.49 ± 2.46 | 3.30 ± 2.62 | 2.84 ± 3.11 | 0.90 (0.01) | 0.462 |
7 years | 3.78 ± 2.38 | 3.44 ± 2.32 | 3.74 ± 2.40 | 3.58 ± 2.46 | 3.34 ± 3.05 | 0.62 (0.01) | 0.646 |
8 years | 4.17 ± 2.84 | 3.65 ± 2.05 | 3.67 ± 2.36 | 3.79 ± 2.25 | 3.86 ± 3.25 | 0.90 (0.01) | 0.462 |
9 years | 4.45 ± 2.46 | 3.90 ± 1.72 | 3.83 ± 2.34 | 3.92 ± 2.54 | 4.46 ± 3.38 | 1.78 (0.02) | 0.131 |
10 years | 4.61 ± 2.20 | 4.12 ± 1.67 | 4.11 ± 2.31 | 4.66 ± 2.58 | 5.27 ± 3.60 * | 3.56 (0.03) | 0.007 |
11 years | 4.98 ± 2.10 | 4.26 ± 1.60 | 4.39 ± 2.19 | 4.86 ± 2.30 | 6.25 ± 3.70 * | 10.01 (0.07) | <0.001 |
12 years | 5.42 ± 1.94 | 4.37 ± 1.56 * | 4.71 ± 1.90 | 5.53 ± 2.09 | 6.98 ± 3.79 * | 18.03 (0.12) | <0.001 |
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Coutinho, P.; Ramos, A.; Afonso, J.; Bessa, C.; Ribeiro, J.; Davids, K.; Fonseca, A.M.; Mesquita, I. To Sample or to Specialise? Sport Participation Patterns of Youth Team Sport Male Players. Children 2023, 10, 729. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040729
Coutinho P, Ramos A, Afonso J, Bessa C, Ribeiro J, Davids K, Fonseca AM, Mesquita I. To Sample or to Specialise? Sport Participation Patterns of Youth Team Sport Male Players. Children. 2023; 10(4):729. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040729
Chicago/Turabian StyleCoutinho, Patrícia, Ana Ramos, José Afonso, Cristiana Bessa, João Ribeiro, Keith Davids, António M. Fonseca, and Isabel Mesquita. 2023. "To Sample or to Specialise? Sport Participation Patterns of Youth Team Sport Male Players" Children 10, no. 4: 729. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040729