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Volume 10
Issue 4
10.3390/children10040645
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Systematic Review

Cumulative Radiation Dose from Medical Imaging in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review

by
Emer Shelly
1,
Michael G. Waldron
2,*,
Erica Field
1,
Niamh Moore
1,
Rena Young
1,
Andy Scally
1,
Andrew England
1,
Michael Maher
2,3 and
Mark F. McEntee
1
1
Discipline of Medical Imaging & Radiation Therapy, University College Cork, T12AK54 Cork, Ireland
2
Department of Radiology, Cork University Hospital, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
3
Department of Medicine, University College Cork, T12 AK54 Cork, Ireland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Children 2023, 10(4), 645; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040645
Submission received: 7 March 2023 / Revised: 18 March 2023 / Accepted: 27 March 2023 / Published: 30 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Pediatric Radiology and Nuclear Medicine)
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Abstract

Children with congenital heart disease are exposed to repeated medical imaging throughout their lifetime. Although the imaging contributes to their care and treatment, exposure to ionising radiation is known to increase one’s lifetime attributable risk of malignancy. A systematic search of multiple databases was performed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to all relevant papers and seven were deemed acceptable for quality assessment and risk of bias assessment. The cumulative effective dose (CED) varied widely across the patient cohorts, ranging from 0.96 mSv to 53.5 mSv. However, it was evident across many of the included studies that a significant number of patients were exposed to a CED >20 mSv, the current annual occupational exposure limit. Many factors affected the dose which patients received, including age and clinical demographics. The imaging modality which contributed the most radiation dose to patients was cardiology interventional procedures. Paediatric patients with congenital heart disease are at an increased risk of receiving an elevated cumulative radiation dose across their lifetime. Further research should focus on identifying risk factors for receiving higher radiation doses, keeping track of doses, and dose optimisation where possible.
Keywords: cumulative; radiation dose; medical imaging; congenital heart disease cumulative; radiation dose; medical imaging; congenital heart disease

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shelly, E.; Waldron, M.G.; Field, E.; Moore, N.; Young, R.; Scally, A.; England, A.; Maher, M.; McEntee, M.F. Cumulative Radiation Dose from Medical Imaging in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review. Children 2023, 10, 645. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040645

AMA Style

Shelly E, Waldron MG, Field E, Moore N, Young R, Scally A, England A, Maher M, McEntee MF. Cumulative Radiation Dose from Medical Imaging in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review. Children. 2023; 10(4):645. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040645

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shelly, Emer, Michael G. Waldron, Erica Field, Niamh Moore, Rena Young, Andy Scally, Andrew England, Michael Maher, and Mark F. McEntee. 2023. "Cumulative Radiation Dose from Medical Imaging in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review" Children 10, no. 4: 645. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040645

APA Style

Shelly, E., Waldron, M. G., Field, E., Moore, N., Young, R., Scally, A., England, A., Maher, M., & McEntee, M. F. (2023). Cumulative Radiation Dose from Medical Imaging in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review. Children, 10(4), 645. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040645

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