Validation of a New Soccer Shooting Test Based on Speed Radar Measurement and Shooting Accuracy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. General Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Test Set-Up
2.4. Measurements
2.5. Coach Ranking
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Comparison of Performance Levels
3.2. Correlation Analysis
3.3. Predictability of Soccer Quality through the Shooting Test
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Performance Level (Sign. Difference) | N | M | SD | SE | 95%-CL | Min | Max | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LL | UL | ||||||||
Shots on target | 1st division (c) | 10 | 3.90 | 0.994 | 0.314 | 3.19 | 4.61 | 2 | 5 |
2nd division (c) | 17 | 3.59 | 1.176 | 0.285 | 2.98 | 4.19 | 1 | 5 | |
5th division (a,b) | 18 | 2.50 | 1.249 | 0.294 | 1.88 | 3.12 | 1 | 5 | |
7th division | 12 | 2.67 | 1.073 | 0.310 | 1.98 | 3.35 | 1 | 5 | |
Shots at post | 1st division | 10 | 1.00 | 1.155 | 0.365 | 0.17 | 1.83 | 0 | 3 |
2nd division | 17 | 0.88 | 0.928 | 0.225 | 0.41 | 1.36 | 0 | 2 | |
5th division | 18 | 1.00 | 0.840 | 0.198 | 0.58 | 1.42 | 0 | 2 | |
7th division | 12 | 0.83 | 0.835 | 0.241 | 0.30 | 1.36 | 0 | 2 | |
Shots missed | 1st division | 10 | 3.10 | 1.101 | 0.348 | 2.31 | 3.89 | 1 | 4 |
2nd division | 17 | 3.53 | 1.281 | 0.311 | 2.87 | 4.19 | 1 | 5 | |
5th division | 18 | 4.50 | 1.465 | 0.345 | 3.77 | 5.23 | 2 | 7 | |
7th division | 12 | 4.50 | 1.382 | 0.399 | 3.62 | 5.38 | 3 | 7 | |
Max. shot speed (km/h) | 1st division (d) | 10 | 93.10 | 6.631 | 2.097 | 88.356 | 97.844 | 81.2 | 103.8 |
2nd division (d) | 17 | 97.67 | 8.000 | 1.940 | 93.557 | 101.784 | 83.7 | 109.0 | |
5th division (d) | 18 | 98.12 | 6.894 | 1.625 | 94.700 | 101.556 | 84.8 | 108.1 | |
7th division (a,b,c) | 12 | 82.45 | 6.633 | 1.915 | 78.235 | 86.665 | 68.1 | 90.7 | |
Avg. shot speed (km/h) | 1st division (d) | 10 | 72.76 | 2.584 | 0.817 | 70.9130 | 74.6095 | 69.08 | 76.78 |
2nd division (d) | 17 | 70.66 | 5.601 | 1.359 | 67.7854 | 73.5455 | 60.15 | 79.38 | |
5th division (d) | 18 | 70.00 | 5.446 | 1.284 | 67.2938 | 72.7103 | 60.40 | 79.14 | |
7th division (a,b,c), | 12 | 58.75 | 4.560 | 1.316 | 55.8569 | 61.6514 | 48.51 | 65.73 | |
Avg. shot speed DL (km/h) | 1st division (d) | 10 | 75.30 | 2.943 | 0.931 | 73.1944 | 77.4056 | 70.48 | 78.85 |
2nd division (d) | 17 | 73.10 | 6.173 | 1.497 | 69.9291 | 76.2768 | 62.58 | 82.75 | |
5th division (d) | 18 | 75.00 | 6.248 | 1.473 | 71.8928 | 78.1072 | 65.25 | 87.85 | |
7th division (a,b,c) | 12 | 66.13 | 5.823 | 1.681 | 62.4313 | 69.8312 | 55.53 | 74.90 | |
Avg. shot speed NDL (km/h) | 1st division (d) | 10 | 70.22 | 3.025 | 0.957 | 68.0582 | 72.3868 | 65.53 | 74.70 |
2nd division (d) | 17 | 68.23 | 5.767 | 1.399 | 65.2631 | 71.1928 | 56.68 | 76.38 | |
5th division (d) | 18 | 65.00 | 7.036 | 1.658 | 61.5051 | 68.5032 | 53.98 | 77.83 | |
7th division (a,b,c) | 12 | 51.38 | 6.784 | 1.958 | 47.0668 | 55.6874 | 38.50 | 63.75 | |
Avg. shot speed/max shot speed (%) | 1st division (c,d) | 10 | 78.37 | 3.730 | 1.180 | 75.70 | 81.04 | 73.81 | 85.33 |
2nd division | 17 | 72.70 | 7.263 | 1.762 | 68.97 | 76.43 | 60.82 | 86.84 | |
5th division (a) | 18 | 71.43 | 4.381 | 1.033 | 69.25 | 73.61 | 62.73 | 80.18 | |
7th division (a) | 12 | 71.37 | 3.846 | 1.110 | 68.93 | 73.81 | 64.48 | 77.40 | |
Total score | 1st division (c,d) | 10 | 1219.5 | 149.213 | 47.185 | 1112.71 | 1326.19 | 1035.10 | 1467.70 |
2nd division (c,d) | 17 | 1138.9 | 168.131 | 40.778 | 1052.46 | 1225.34 | 821.30 | 1364.20 | |
5th division (a,b) | 18 | 976.3 | 194.484 | 45.840 | 879.59 | 1073.01 | 701.60 | 1469.00 | |
7th division (a,b) | 12 | 841.8 | 166.780 | 48.145 | 735.82 | 947.76 | 528.50 | 1175.80 | |
Score lower targets | 1st division (c,d) | 10 | 745.93 | 71.481 | 22.604 | 694.80 | 797.06 | 658.60 | 890.10 |
2nd division (c,d) | 17 | 728.46 | 146.018 | 35.415 | 653.38 | 803.53 | 474.40 | 909.00 | |
5th division (a,b) | 18 | 607.34 | 137.685 | 32.453 | 538.88 | 675.81 | 407.80 | 918.90 | |
7th division (a,b) | 12 | 501.46 | 117.148 | 33.818 | 427.03 | 575.89 | 292.60 | 689.70 | |
Score upper targets | 1st division | 10 | 473.52 | 152.273 | 48.153 | 364.59 | 582.45 | 278.40 | 691.70 |
2nd division | 17 | 410.44 | 124.838 | 30.278 | 346.26 | 474.63 | 255.20 | 786.80 | |
5th division | 18 | 368.96 | 91.774 | 21.631 | 323.32 | 414.59 | 230.00 | 550.10 | |
7th division | 12 | 340.33 | 92.160 | 26.604 | 281.78 | 398.89 | 228.40 | 526.20 | |
Score DL | 1st division | 10 | 626.27 | 107.000 | 33.836 | 549.73 | 702.81 | 450.40 | 791.50 |
2nd division | 17 | 616.11 | 103.513 | 25.106 | 562.88 | 669.33 | 411.80 | 777.40 | |
5th division | 18 | 519.50 | 116.663 | 27.498 | 461.48 | 577.52 | 261.00 | 767.70 | |
7th division | 12 | 515.08 | 170.579 | 49.242 | 406.69 | 623.46 | 266.60 | 860.70 | |
Score NDL | 1st division (c,d) | 10 | 593.18 | 77.928 | 24.643 | 537.43 | 648.93 | 459.80 | 694.30 |
2nd division (d) | 17 | 522.79 | 96.162 | 23.323 | 473.35 | 572.24 | 340.70 | 659.70 | |
5th division (a,d) | 18 | 456.80 | 107.892 | 25.431 | 403.15 | 510.45 | 256.70 | 701.30 | |
7th division (a,b,c) | 12 | 326.72 | 84.348 | 24.349 | 273.12 | 380.31 | 192.30 | 447.20 |
Variables | F (3.53) | p | η2 |
---|---|---|---|
Avg. shot speed NDL | 23.599 | <0.001 ** | 0.572 |
Avg. shot speed | 19.641 | <0.001 ** | 0.526 |
Score NDL | 16.535 | <0.001 ** | 0.483 |
Max. shot speed | 13.959 | <0.001 ** | 0.441 |
Total score | 11.391 | <0.001 ** | 0.392 |
Score lower targets | 10.124 | <0.001 ** | 0.364 |
Avg. shot speed DL | 6.997 | <0.001 ** | 0.284 |
Shots on target | 4.829 | 0.005 ** | 0.215 |
Avg. shot speed/max. shot speed | 4.433 | 0.007 ** | 0.201 |
Shots missed | 3.602 | 0.019 * | 0.169 |
Score DL | 3.188 | 0.031 * | 0.153 |
Score upper targets | 2.891 | 0.044 * | 0.141 |
Shots at post | 0.112 | 0.953 | 0.006 |
Coach Ranking | Max. Shot Speed | Avg. Shot Speed | Avg. Shot Speed DL | Avg. Shot Speed NDL | % of Max. Shot Speed | Total Score | Score Lower Targets | Score Upper Targets | Score DL | Score NDL | Shots on Target | Shots at Post | Shots Missed | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coach ranking | - | −0.421 ** | −0.684 ** | −0.462 ** | −0.720 ** | −0.409 ** | −0.666 ** | −0.619 ** | −0.402 ** | −0.427 ** | −0.678 ** | −0.433 ** | −0.014 | 0.387 ** |
Max. shot speed | - | 0.691 ** | 0.552 ** | 0.668 ** | −0.338* | 0.411 ** | 0.525 ** | 0.062 | 0.277 * | 0.409 ** | 0.057 | 0.185 | −0.167 | |
Avg. shot speed | - | 0.854 ** | 0.926 ** | 0.444 ** | 0.570 ** | 0.533 ** | 0.340 ** | 0.368 ** | 0.584 ** | 0.143 | −0.027 | −0.027 | ||
Avg. shot speed DL | - | 0.594 ** | 0.420 ** | 0.337 * | 0.262* | 0.269 * | 0.299 * | 0.261 | −0.046 | −0.080 | 0.092 | |||
Avg. shot speed NDL | - | 0.381 ** | 0.637 ** | 0.634 ** | 0.330 * | 0.352 ** | 0.713 ** | 0.255 | 0.016 | −0.236 | ||||
% of max. shot speed | - | 0.245 | 0.057 | 0.369 ** | 0.140 | 0.269 * | 0.135 | −0.280 * | 0.057 | |||||
Total score | - | 0.842 ** | 0.716 ** | 0.837 ** | 0.828 ** | 0.840 ** | 0.132 | −0.828 ** | ||||||
Score lower targets | - | 0.226 | 0.662 ** | 0.740 ** | 0.705 ** | 0.040 | −0.650 ** | |||||||
Score upper targets | - | 0.654 ** | 0.536 ** | 0.603 ** | 0.187 | −0.653 ** | ||||||||
Score DL | - | 0.385 ** | 0.728 ** | 0.131 | −0.728 ** | |||||||||
Score NDL | - | 0.669 ** | 0.088 | −0.648 ** | ||||||||||
Shots on target | - | −0.166 | −0.781 ** | |||||||||||
Shots at post | - | −0.487 ** | ||||||||||||
Shots missed | - |
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Engler, F.; Hohmann, A.; Siener, M. Validation of a New Soccer Shooting Test Based on Speed Radar Measurement and Shooting Accuracy. Children 2023, 10, 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020199
Engler F, Hohmann A, Siener M. Validation of a New Soccer Shooting Test Based on Speed Radar Measurement and Shooting Accuracy. Children. 2023; 10(2):199. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020199
Chicago/Turabian StyleEngler, Felix, Andreas Hohmann, and Maximilian Siener. 2023. "Validation of a New Soccer Shooting Test Based on Speed Radar Measurement and Shooting Accuracy" Children 10, no. 2: 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020199
APA StyleEngler, F., Hohmann, A., & Siener, M. (2023). Validation of a New Soccer Shooting Test Based on Speed Radar Measurement and Shooting Accuracy. Children, 10(2), 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020199