Circulating Tumor Cells as a Tool to Untangle the Breast Cancer Heterogeneity Issue
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Breast Cancer: A Heterogeneous Disease
3. CTCs and BC
Setting | Study | Number of Patients | Enumeration Method | Findings | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) | Hartokpf | 58 | CellSearch | Changes in CTC levels are associated with response to chemotherapy in mBC. | [53] |
Paoletti | 121 | CellSearch | CTC enumeration is prognostic at baseline and follow-up in ER-positive/HER2-negative mBC patients. CTC enumeration at first follow-up identified a group of patients that could forgo endocrine therapy. | [54] | |
Galardi | 46 | CellSearch | CTC count is a promising tool in monitoring response to palbociclib in HR-positive/HER2-negative aBC. | [48] | |
Deutsch | 108 | CellSearch | Reduction of 50% apoptotic CTCs after one cycle of systemic therapy is a cut-off to differentiate between therapy response and disease progression; reduction <10% of apoptotic CTCs is specific for early disease progression in mBC. | [56] | |
Non-metastatic breast cancer (nmBC) | Bidard | 115 | CellSearch | CTC detection pre-NAC is a prognostic factor in nmBC; detection of equal or greater than 1 CTC/7.5 mL after NAC predicts OS. | [57] |
Rack | 2026 | CellSearch | CTC detection both before the start of systemic adjuvant treatment and after completion of chemotherapy was associated with deteriorated survival in early-stage BC. | [52] | |
O’Toole | 26 | Screencell | Enumeration of CTC counts prior to treatment or prior to surgery is not associated with pathological response to NAC. | [58] |
3.1. CTCs Heterogeneity and Clinical Impact in BC
3.1.1. Marker Heterogeneity
3.1.2. Molecular Heterogeneity
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rossi, T.; Gallerani, G.; Martinelli, G.; Maltoni, R.; Fabbri, F. Circulating Tumor Cells as a Tool to Untangle the Breast Cancer Heterogeneity Issue. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 1242. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091242
Rossi T, Gallerani G, Martinelli G, Maltoni R, Fabbri F. Circulating Tumor Cells as a Tool to Untangle the Breast Cancer Heterogeneity Issue. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(9):1242. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091242
Chicago/Turabian StyleRossi, Tania, Giulia Gallerani, Giovanni Martinelli, Roberta Maltoni, and Francesco Fabbri. 2021. "Circulating Tumor Cells as a Tool to Untangle the Breast Cancer Heterogeneity Issue" Biomedicines 9, no. 9: 1242. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091242