Heteronemin Suppresses Lymphangiogenesis through ARF-1 and MMP-9/VE-Cadherin/Vimentin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Reagents
2.2. Molecular Docking
2.3. Western Blot Analysis
2.4. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
2.5. Thoracic Duct Formation in Zebrafish
2.6. Mouse Ear Sponge Assay
2.7. Cell Cytotoxicity Assay
2.8. Cell Cycle Analysis
2.9. Capillary Tube Formation Assay
2.10. Cell Migration Assay
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Heteronemin Is a VEGFR-3 Binding Compound in Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells
3.2. Heteronemin Inhibits Zebrafish and Mouse Lymphangiogenesis In Vivo
3.3. Heteronemin Induces G0/G1 Arrest in Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells
3.4. Heteronemin Suppresses MEK/ERK and NF-κB Downstream Activation in Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells
3.5. Heteronemin Suppresses Tube Formation and Migration through ARF1 and MMP9/VE-Cadherin/Vimentin-Mediated Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chen, H.-L.; Su, Y.-C.; Chen, H.-C.; Su, J.-H.; Wu, C.-Y.; Wang, S.-W.; Lin, I.-P.; Chen, C.-Y.; Lee, C.-H. Heteronemin Suppresses Lymphangiogenesis through ARF-1 and MMP-9/VE-Cadherin/Vimentin. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 1109. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091109
Chen H-L, Su Y-C, Chen H-C, Su J-H, Wu C-Y, Wang S-W, Lin I-P, Chen C-Y, Lee C-H. Heteronemin Suppresses Lymphangiogenesis through ARF-1 and MMP-9/VE-Cadherin/Vimentin. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(9):1109. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091109
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Hsien-Lin, Yu-Chieh Su, Huang-Chi Chen, Jui-Hsin Su, Chang-Yi Wu, Shih-Wei Wang, In-Pin Lin, Chung-Yi Chen, and Chien-Hsing Lee. 2021. "Heteronemin Suppresses Lymphangiogenesis through ARF-1 and MMP-9/VE-Cadherin/Vimentin" Biomedicines 9, no. 9: 1109. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091109