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Biomedicines
Volume 9
Issue 7
10.3390/biomedicines9070779
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Article

Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors in Human Alveolar Type II Cells in Aging and Emphysema

by
Chih-Ru Lin
1,2,
Karim Bahmed
1,2,
Hannah Simborio
1,2,
Hassan Hayek
1,2,
Sudhir Bolla
1,
Nathaniel Marchetti
1,
Gerard J. Criner
1 and
Beata Kosmider
1,2,3,*
1
Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
2
Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
3
Department of Physiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2021, 9(7), 779; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070779
Submission received: 3 June 2021 / Revised: 21 June 2021 / Accepted: 23 June 2021 / Published: 6 July 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular and Translational Medicine)
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Abstract

Alveolar type II (ATII) cells proliferate and restore the injured epithelium. It has been described that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes diffuse alveolar damage in the lungs. However, host factors facilitating virus infection in ATII cells are not well known. We determined the SARS-CoV-2-related genes and protein expression using RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, in ATII cells isolated from young and elderly non-smokers, smokers, and ex-smokers. Cells were also obtained from lung transplants of emphysema patients. ACE2 has been identified as the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and we found significantly increased levels in young and elderly smokers and emphysema patients. The viral entry depends on TMPRSS2 protease activity, and a higher expression was detected in elderly smokers and ex-smokers and emphysema patients. Both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA levels were higher in this disease in comparison with non-smokers. CD209L serves as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and we found increased levels in ATII cells obtained from smokers and in emphysema patients. Also, our data suggest CD209L regulation by miR142. Endoplasmic reticulum stress was detected in ATII cells in this disease. Our results suggest that upregulation of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors in ATII cells in aging, smokers, and emphysema patients may facilitate infection.
Keywords: alveolar type II cells; aging; emphysema; smoking alveolar type II cells; aging; emphysema; smoking

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lin, C.-R.; Bahmed, K.; Simborio, H.; Hayek, H.; Bolla, S.; Marchetti, N.; Criner, G.J.; Kosmider, B. Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors in Human Alveolar Type II Cells in Aging and Emphysema. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070779

AMA Style

Lin C-R, Bahmed K, Simborio H, Hayek H, Bolla S, Marchetti N, Criner GJ, Kosmider B. Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors in Human Alveolar Type II Cells in Aging and Emphysema. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(7):779. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070779

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin, Chih-Ru, Karim Bahmed, Hannah Simborio, Hassan Hayek, Sudhir Bolla, Nathaniel Marchetti, Gerard J. Criner, and Beata Kosmider. 2021. "Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors in Human Alveolar Type II Cells in Aging and Emphysema" Biomedicines 9, no. 7: 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070779

APA Style

Lin, C.-R., Bahmed, K., Simborio, H., Hayek, H., Bolla, S., Marchetti, N., Criner, G. J., & Kosmider, B. (2021). Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors in Human Alveolar Type II Cells in Aging and Emphysema. Biomedicines, 9(7), 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070779

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