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Biomedicines
Volume 9
Issue 3
10.3390/biomedicines9030318
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Review

MicroRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Gastrointestinal Tumors

by
Valentina Angerilli
1,†,
Francesca Galuppini
1,†,
Gianluca Businello
1,
Luca Dal Santo
1,
Edoardo Savarino
2,
Stefano Realdon
3,
Vincenza Guzzardo
1,
Lorenzo Nicolè
1,
Vanni Lazzarin
1,
Sara Lonardi
3,
Fotios Loupakis
3 and
Matteo Fassan
1,3,*
1
Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
2
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
3
Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV-IRCCS), 35100 Padua, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this article.
Biomedicines 2021, 9(3), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030318
Submission received: 7 February 2021 / Revised: 17 March 2021 / Accepted: 18 March 2021 / Published: 21 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MicroRNA in Solid Tumor and Hematological Diseases)
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Abstract

The advent of precision therapies against specific gene alterations characterizing different neoplasms is revolutionizing the oncology field, opening novel treatment scenarios. However, the onset of resistance mechanisms put in place by the tumor is increasingly emerging, making the use of these drugs ineffective over time. Therefore, the search for indicators that can monitor the development of resistance mechanisms and above all ways to overcome it, is increasingly important. In this scenario, microRNAs are ideal candidate biomarkers, being crucial post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression with a well-known role in mediating mechanisms of drug resistance. Moreover, as microRNAs are stable molecules, easily detectable in tissues and biofluids, they are the ideal candidate biomarker to identify patients with primary resistance to a specific targeted therapy and those who have developed acquired resistance. The aim of this review is to summarize the major studies that have investigated the role of microRNAs as mediators of resistance to targeted therapies currently in use in gastro-intestinal neoplasms, namely anti-EGFR, anti-HER2 and anti-VEGF antibodies, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. For every microRNA and microRNA signature analyzed, the putative mechanisms underlying drug resistance were outlined and the potential to be translated in clinical practice was evaluated.
Keywords: microRNAs; GI cancers; targeted therapy; drug resistance microRNAs; GI cancers; targeted therapy; drug resistance

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MDPI and ACS Style

Angerilli, V.; Galuppini, F.; Businello, G.; Dal Santo, L.; Savarino, E.; Realdon, S.; Guzzardo, V.; Nicolè, L.; Lazzarin, V.; Lonardi, S.; et al. MicroRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030318

AMA Style

Angerilli V, Galuppini F, Businello G, Dal Santo L, Savarino E, Realdon S, Guzzardo V, Nicolè L, Lazzarin V, Lonardi S, et al. MicroRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(3):318. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030318

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angerilli, Valentina, Francesca Galuppini, Gianluca Businello, Luca Dal Santo, Edoardo Savarino, Stefano Realdon, Vincenza Guzzardo, Lorenzo Nicolè, Vanni Lazzarin, Sara Lonardi, and et al. 2021. "MicroRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Gastrointestinal Tumors" Biomedicines 9, no. 3: 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030318

APA Style

Angerilli, V., Galuppini, F., Businello, G., Dal Santo, L., Savarino, E., Realdon, S., Guzzardo, V., Nicolè, L., Lazzarin, V., Lonardi, S., Loupakis, F., & Fassan, M. (2021). MicroRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Biomedicines, 9(3), 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030318

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