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Volume 8
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Article

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Oxidative Injury and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Vitro

by
Reem Hasaballah Alhasani
1,2,
Mohammad Almarhoun
2,
Xinzhi Zhou
2,
James Reilly
2,
Steven Patterson
2,
Zhihong Zeng
3,* and
Xinhua Shu
2,4,5,*
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
3
College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
4
Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
5
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2020, 8(9), 367; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090367
Submission received: 13 August 2020 / Revised: 10 September 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 / Published: 21 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular and Translational Medicine)
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Abstract

Retinal degeneration is characterized by the dysfunction of retinal cells. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of retinal degeneration. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) has been demonstrated to have protective effects in in vitro and in vivo retinal degeneration models. To fully understand the molecular mechanisms of TUDCA’s protection, we first treated human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, ARPE-19, with H2O2 or H2O2 plus TUDCA for 24 h. RPE cells co-exposed to TUDCA had higher cell viability and lower cell death rate compared to cells exposed to H2O2 alone. TUDCA significantly increased antioxidant capacity in H2O2-treated RPE cells by decreasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Malondialdehyde (MDA), upregulating the expression of antioxidant genes, and increasing the generation of glutathione (GSH). TUDCA also inhibited inflammation in H2O2-challenged RPE cells by decreasing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, TUDCA suppressed thapsigargin-induced ER stress in RPE cells, as demonstrated by decreased the expression of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and apoptosis. Our present study suggests that TUDCA can protect RPE cells against oxidative damage, inflammation, and ER stress and may benefit patients with retinal degeneration.
Keywords: tauroursodeoxycholic acid; retinal pigment epithelial cell; oxidative stress; endoplasmic reticulum stress; protection tauroursodeoxycholic acid; retinal pigment epithelial cell; oxidative stress; endoplasmic reticulum stress; protection

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MDPI and ACS Style

Alhasani, R.H.; Almarhoun, M.; Zhou, X.; Reilly, J.; Patterson, S.; Zeng, Z.; Shu, X. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Oxidative Injury and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Vitro. Biomedicines 2020, 8, 367. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090367

AMA Style

Alhasani RH, Almarhoun M, Zhou X, Reilly J, Patterson S, Zeng Z, Shu X. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Oxidative Injury and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Vitro. Biomedicines. 2020; 8(9):367. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090367

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alhasani, Reem Hasaballah, Mohammad Almarhoun, Xinzhi Zhou, James Reilly, Steven Patterson, Zhihong Zeng, and Xinhua Shu. 2020. "Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Oxidative Injury and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Vitro" Biomedicines 8, no. 9: 367. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090367

APA Style

Alhasani, R. H., Almarhoun, M., Zhou, X., Reilly, J., Patterson, S., Zeng, Z., & Shu, X. (2020). Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Oxidative Injury and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Vitro. Biomedicines, 8(9), 367. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090367

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