Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Oxidative Injury and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Vitro
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Viability
2.2. Detection of Apoptosis
2.3. Quantification of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production
2.4. Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)
2.5. Biochemical Assays
2.6. Measurement of Caspase-3/7 Activities
2.7. Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of H2O2 and TUDCA on Cell Viability
3.2. TUDCA Attenuated H2O2-induced Oxidative Stress in RPE Cells
3.3. TUDCA Inhibited H2O2-Induced Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines in RPE Cells
3.4. TUDCA Attenuated Thapsigargin-Induced ER Stress in RPE Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Alhasani, R.H.; Almarhoun, M.; Zhou, X.; Reilly, J.; Patterson, S.; Zeng, Z.; Shu, X. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Oxidative Injury and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Vitro. Biomedicines 2020, 8, 367. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090367
Alhasani RH, Almarhoun M, Zhou X, Reilly J, Patterson S, Zeng Z, Shu X. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Oxidative Injury and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Vitro. Biomedicines. 2020; 8(9):367. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090367
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlhasani, Reem Hasaballah, Mohammad Almarhoun, Xinzhi Zhou, James Reilly, Steven Patterson, Zhihong Zeng, and Xinhua Shu. 2020. "Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Oxidative Injury and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Vitro" Biomedicines 8, no. 9: 367. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090367