4-Hydroxynonenal Immunoreactivity Is Increased in the Frontal Cortex of 5XFAD Transgenic Mice
1
Department of Biological Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
2
Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
3
Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2020, 8(9), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090326
Received: 4 August 2020
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Revised: 28 August 2020
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Accepted: 1 September 2020
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Published: 3 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Neurobiology and Neurologic Disease)
Oxidative stress was implicated in the functional impairment of the frontal cortex observed in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To elucidate this role in an animal AD model, we assessed cognitive function of 4-month-old five familial AD (5XFAD) transgenic (Tg) mice using a learning strategy-switching task requiring recruitment of the frontal cortex and measuring levels of 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal (4-HNE), a marker of oxidative stress, in their frontal cortex. Mice were sequentially trained in cued/response and place/spatial versions of the water maze task for four days each. 5XFAD and non-Tg mice exhibited equal performance in cued/response training. However, 5XFAD mice used spatial search strategy less than non-Tg mice in the spatial/place training. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence staining showed that 4-HNE levels increased in the frontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus and striatum, of 5XFAD mice compared to those in non-Tg mice. We report early cognitive deficits related to the frontal cortex and the frontal cortex’s oxidative damage in 4-month-old 5XFAD mice. These results suggest that 4-month-old 5XFAD mice be a useful animal model for the early diagnosis and management of AD.
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Keywords:
Alzheimer’s disease; 5XFAD; 4-hydroxy-nonenal; oxidative stress; frontal cortex
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MDPI and ACS Style
Shin, S.-W.; Kim, D.-H.; Jeon, W.K.; Han, J.-S. 4-Hydroxynonenal Immunoreactivity Is Increased in the Frontal Cortex of 5XFAD Transgenic Mice. Biomedicines 2020, 8, 326. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090326
AMA Style
Shin S-W, Kim D-H, Jeon WK, Han J-S. 4-Hydroxynonenal Immunoreactivity Is Increased in the Frontal Cortex of 5XFAD Transgenic Mice. Biomedicines. 2020; 8(9):326. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090326
Chicago/Turabian StyleShin, Sang-Wook, Dong-Hee Kim, Won K. Jeon, and Jung-Soo Han. 2020. "4-Hydroxynonenal Immunoreactivity Is Increased in the Frontal Cortex of 5XFAD Transgenic Mice" Biomedicines 8, no. 9: 326. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090326
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