Gingival Crevicular Fluid Cytokines in Moderate and Deep Sites of Stage III Periodontitis Patients in Different Rates of Clinical Progression

Romano, Federica; Del Buono, Wilma; Bianco, Laura; Arena, Martina; Mariani, Giulia Maria; Di Scipio, Federica; Berta, Giovanni Nicolao; Aimetti, Mario

doi:10.3390/biomedicines8110515

Open AccessArticle

Gingival Crevicular Fluid Cytokines in Moderate and Deep Sites of Stage III Periodontitis Patients in Different Rates of Clinical Progression

by

Federica Romano

¹

,

Wilma Del Buono

¹,

Laura Bianco

¹,

Martina Arena

¹,

Giulia Maria Mariani

¹,

Federica Di Scipio

²,

Giovanni Nicolao Berta

^2,*,†

and

Mario Aimetti

^1,*,†

¹

Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy

²

Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Biomedicines 2020, 8(11), 515; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110515

Submission received: 9 October 2020 / Revised: 11 November 2020 / Accepted: 16 November 2020 / Published: 18 November 2020

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Models for Oral Biology Research)

Download

Browse Figures

Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Clinical criteria are inappropriate to measure the degree of susceptibility to progression of periodontal damage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess whether gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of cytokines could discriminate patients suffering from stage III periodontitis with moderate (Grade B) and rapid rates of progression (Grade C) prior to and 6 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment. GCF samples were obtained from moderate and deep sites of 20 patients diagnosed as Grade B and 20 patients as grade C stage III periodontitis and analyzed for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-9, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using a high-sensitivity Bio-Plex Suspension Array System. At baseline, higher IL-1β but lower IL-9 GCF levels were observed in moderate sites of the grade C compared to the grade B group. In spite of comparable clinical improvement, this difference maintained after treatment, suggesting a residual pro-inflammatory state. In deep sites, no differences were observed between periodontitis groups except for VEGF levels that decreased more in Grade B periodontitis at 6 months post-therapy. A mathematical model was constructed to identify Grade C periodontitis patients based on the subjects’ GCF levels of IL-1β and IL-9, which achieved an area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.94. This study can contribute to the early assessment of risk of future breakdown in periodontitis patients.

Keywords: angiogenesis; gingival crevicular fluid; inflammation mediators; periodontal/therapy; periodontitis

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Romano, F.; Del Buono, W.; Bianco, L.; Arena, M.; Mariani, G.M.; Di Scipio, F.; Berta, G.N.; Aimetti, M. Gingival Crevicular Fluid Cytokines in Moderate and Deep Sites of Stage III Periodontitis Patients in Different Rates of Clinical Progression. Biomedicines 2020, 8, 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110515

AMA Style

Romano F, Del Buono W, Bianco L, Arena M, Mariani GM, Di Scipio F, Berta GN, Aimetti M. Gingival Crevicular Fluid Cytokines in Moderate and Deep Sites of Stage III Periodontitis Patients in Different Rates of Clinical Progression. Biomedicines. 2020; 8(11):515. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110515

Chicago/Turabian Style

Romano, Federica, Wilma Del Buono, Laura Bianco, Martina Arena, Giulia Maria Mariani, Federica Di Scipio, Giovanni Nicolao Berta, and Mario Aimetti. 2020. "Gingival Crevicular Fluid Cytokines in Moderate and Deep Sites of Stage III Periodontitis Patients in Different Rates of Clinical Progression" Biomedicines 8, no. 11: 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110515

APA Style

Romano, F., Del Buono, W., Bianco, L., Arena, M., Mariani, G. M., Di Scipio, F., Berta, G. N., & Aimetti, M. (2020). Gingival Crevicular Fluid Cytokines in Moderate and Deep Sites of Stage III Periodontitis Patients in Different Rates of Clinical Progression. Biomedicines, 8(11), 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110515

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Menu

Gingival Crevicular Fluid Cytokines in Moderate and Deep Sites of Stage III Periodontitis Patients in Different Rates of Clinical Progression

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI