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Volume 8
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Article

Kunitz-Type Peptides from the Sea Anemone Heteractis crispa Demonstrate Potassium Channel Blocking and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

by
Irina Gladkikh
1,*,
Steve Peigneur
2,
Oksana Sintsova
1,
Ernesto Lopes Pinheiro-Junior
2,
Anna Klimovich
1,
Alexander Menshov
1,
Anatoly Kalinovsky
1,
Marina Isaeva
1,
Margarita Monastyrnaya
1,
Emma Kozlovskaya
1,
Jan Tytgat
2 and
Elena Leychenko
1,*
1
G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian
2
Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 922, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2020, 8(11), 473; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110473
Submission received: 17 September 2020 / Revised: 30 October 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020 / Published: 4 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Venoms–Curse or Cure?)
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Abstract

The Kunitz/BPTI peptide family includes unique representatives demonstrating various biological activities. Electrophysiological screening of peptides HCRG1 and HCRG2 from the sea anemone Heteractis crispa on six Kv1.x channel isoforms and insect Shaker IR channel expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes revealed their potassium channels blocking activity. HCRG1 and HCRG2 appear to be the first Kunitz-type peptides from sea anemones blocking Kv1.3 with IC50 of 40.7 and 29.7 nM, respectively. In addition, peptides mainly vary in binding affinity to the Kv1.2 channels. It was established that the single substitution, Ser5Leu, in the TRPV1 channel antagonist, HCRG21, induces weak blocking activity of Kv1.1, Kv1.2, and Kv1.3. Apparently, for the affinity and selectivity of Kunitz-fold toxins to Kv1.x isoforms, the number and distribution along their molecules of charged, hydrophobic, and polar uncharged residues, as well as the nature of the channel residue at position 379 (Tyr, Val or His) are important. Testing the compounds in a model of acute local inflammation induced by the introduction of carrageenan administration into mice paws revealed that HCRG1 at doses of 0.1–1 mg/kg reduced the volume of developing edema during 24 h, similar to the effect of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin, at a dose of 5 mg/kg. ELISA analysis of the animals blood showed that the peptide reduced the synthesis of TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory mediator playing a leading role in the development of edema in this model.
Keywords: sea anemone; Kunitz fold; type 2 potassium channel toxins; electrophysiology; anti-inflammatory activity sea anemone; Kunitz fold; type 2 potassium channel toxins; electrophysiology; anti-inflammatory activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gladkikh, I.; Peigneur, S.; Sintsova, O.; Lopes Pinheiro-Junior, E.; Klimovich, A.; Menshov, A.; Kalinovsky, A.; Isaeva, M.; Monastyrnaya, M.; Kozlovskaya, E.; et al. Kunitz-Type Peptides from the Sea Anemone Heteractis crispa Demonstrate Potassium Channel Blocking and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Biomedicines 2020, 8, 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110473

AMA Style

Gladkikh I, Peigneur S, Sintsova O, Lopes Pinheiro-Junior E, Klimovich A, Menshov A, Kalinovsky A, Isaeva M, Monastyrnaya M, Kozlovskaya E, et al. Kunitz-Type Peptides from the Sea Anemone Heteractis crispa Demonstrate Potassium Channel Blocking and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Biomedicines. 2020; 8(11):473. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110473

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gladkikh, Irina, Steve Peigneur, Oksana Sintsova, Ernesto Lopes Pinheiro-Junior, Anna Klimovich, Alexander Menshov, Anatoly Kalinovsky, Marina Isaeva, Margarita Monastyrnaya, Emma Kozlovskaya, and et al. 2020. "Kunitz-Type Peptides from the Sea Anemone Heteractis crispa Demonstrate Potassium Channel Blocking and Anti-Inflammatory Activities" Biomedicines 8, no. 11: 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110473

APA Style

Gladkikh, I., Peigneur, S., Sintsova, O., Lopes Pinheiro-Junior, E., Klimovich, A., Menshov, A., Kalinovsky, A., Isaeva, M., Monastyrnaya, M., Kozlovskaya, E., Tytgat, J., & Leychenko, E. (2020). Kunitz-Type Peptides from the Sea Anemone Heteractis crispa Demonstrate Potassium Channel Blocking and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Biomedicines, 8(11), 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110473

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