Gastric Stem Cell and Cellular Origin of Cancer
Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan
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Biomedicines 2018, 6(4), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines6040100
Received: 30 September 2018 / Revised: 28 October 2018 / Accepted: 28 October 2018 / Published: 31 October 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stem Cells and Cancer Therapeutics)
Several stem cell markers within the gastrointestinal epithelium have been identified in mice. One of the best characterized is Lgr5 (leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5) and evidence suggests that Lgr5+ cells in the gut are the origin of gastrointestinal cancers. Reserve or facultative stem or progenitor cells with the ability to convert to Lgr5+ cells following injury have also been identified. Unlike the intestine, where Lgr5+ cells at the crypt base act as active stem cells, the stomach may contain unique stem cell populations, since gastric Lgr5+ cells seem to behave as a reserve rather than active stem cells, both in the corpus and in the antral glands. Gastrointestinal stem cells are supported by a specific microenvironment, the stem cell niche, which also promotes tumorigenesis. This review focuses on stem cell markers in the gut and their supporting niche factors. It also discusses the molecular mechanisms that regulate stem cell function and tumorigenesis.
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Keywords:
gastric cancer; stem cell; gastric stem cell; stem cell niche; Mist1; Lgr5
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MDPI and ACS Style
Hata, M.; Hayakawa, Y.; Koike, K. Gastric Stem Cell and Cellular Origin of Cancer. Biomedicines 2018, 6, 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines6040100
AMA Style
Hata M, Hayakawa Y, Koike K. Gastric Stem Cell and Cellular Origin of Cancer. Biomedicines. 2018; 6(4):100. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines6040100
Chicago/Turabian StyleHata, Masahiro; Hayakawa, Yoku; Koike, Kazuhiko. 2018. "Gastric Stem Cell and Cellular Origin of Cancer" Biomedicines 6, no. 4: 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines6040100
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