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Biomedicines
Volume 13
Issue 9
10.3390/biomedicines13092117
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

The Role of Body Mass Index in Outcomes of Radial Shock Wave Therapy for Adhesive Capsulitis

by
Diana-Lidia Tache-Codreanu
1,*,
Iuliana David
1,
Mihai-Andrei Butum-Cristea
1,
Ana-Maria Tache-Codreanu
2,
Claudia-Camelia Burcea
2,*,
Elena Rusu
3,
Andrei Tache-Codreanu
4,
Rodica Olteanu
1,3,
Teodor Dan Poteca
1,3 and
Corina Sporea
2,5
1
Medical Rehabilitation Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Stefan cel Mare Street No. 19–21, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
2
Faculty of Medicine and Farmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
3
Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
4
Doctoral School, The National University of Theatre and Film,”I.L. Caragiale”, 75–77 Matei Voievod Street, 021452 Bucharest, Romania
5
National University Center for Children Neurorehabilitation “Dr. Nicolae Robanescu”, 44 Dumitru Minca Street, 041408 Bucharest, Romania
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2025, 13(9), 2117; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092117
Submission received: 30 June 2025 / Revised: 28 August 2025 / Accepted: 29 August 2025 / Published: 29 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular and Translational Medicine)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Radial shock wave therapy (RSWT) has increasingly been integrated into treatment protocols for adhesive capsulitis. While associations with diabetes and other systemic disorders are well documented, the role of obesity remains underexplored, particularly in relation to RSWT outcomes. Methods: Forty patients with adhesive capsulitis completed a 10-day treatment protocol combining RSWT with conventional physiotherapy. Pain (VAS), disability (SPADI), and range of motion (ROM) were assessed at baseline and immediately after treatment. At one-month follow-up, VAS and SPADI were reassessed alongside the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC). Correlations between body mass index (BMI) and clinical outcomes were analyzed, and potential confounding effects of comorbidities and affected-side dominance were examined. Clinical relevance was assessed using minimal clinically important differences (MCID) and effect sizes (Cohen’s d). Results: All clinical outcomes improved significantly post-treatment and at follow-up, with most changes exceeding MCID thresholds and showing large effect sizes. Higher BMI was significantly correlated with greater improvements in SPADI, VAS, shoulder extension, and internal rotation. Most comorbidities were negatively associated with outcomes, except neurologic conditions, which supported mobility improvement. Conclusions: RSWT appears effective in alleviating symptoms of adhesive capsulitis. The observed association between higher BMI and greater mobility improvement suggests potential benefits in overweight and obese patients. These findings warrant further investigation.
Keywords: radial shockwave therapy; adhesive capsulitis; body mass index; treatment outcomes; correlation radial shockwave therapy; adhesive capsulitis; body mass index; treatment outcomes; correlation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tache-Codreanu, D.-L.; David, I.; Butum-Cristea, M.-A.; Tache-Codreanu, A.-M.; Burcea, C.-C.; Rusu, E.; Tache-Codreanu, A.; Olteanu, R.; Poteca, T.D.; Sporea, C. The Role of Body Mass Index in Outcomes of Radial Shock Wave Therapy for Adhesive Capsulitis. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 2117. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092117

AMA Style

Tache-Codreanu D-L, David I, Butum-Cristea M-A, Tache-Codreanu A-M, Burcea C-C, Rusu E, Tache-Codreanu A, Olteanu R, Poteca TD, Sporea C. The Role of Body Mass Index in Outcomes of Radial Shock Wave Therapy for Adhesive Capsulitis. Biomedicines. 2025; 13(9):2117. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092117

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tache-Codreanu, Diana-Lidia, Iuliana David, Mihai-Andrei Butum-Cristea, Ana-Maria Tache-Codreanu, Claudia-Camelia Burcea, Elena Rusu, Andrei Tache-Codreanu, Rodica Olteanu, Teodor Dan Poteca, and Corina Sporea. 2025. "The Role of Body Mass Index in Outcomes of Radial Shock Wave Therapy for Adhesive Capsulitis" Biomedicines 13, no. 9: 2117. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092117

APA Style

Tache-Codreanu, D.-L., David, I., Butum-Cristea, M.-A., Tache-Codreanu, A.-M., Burcea, C.-C., Rusu, E., Tache-Codreanu, A., Olteanu, R., Poteca, T. D., & Sporea, C. (2025). The Role of Body Mass Index in Outcomes of Radial Shock Wave Therapy for Adhesive Capsulitis. Biomedicines, 13(9), 2117. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092117

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