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Biomedicines
Volume 13
Issue 5
10.3390/biomedicines13051153
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

HER2-Positive Breast Cancer—Current Treatment Management and New Therapeutic Methods for Brain Metastasis

by
Hanna Miski
1,
Kamila Krupa
1,
Michał Piotr Budzik
2,*,
Andrzej Deptała
2 and
Anna Badowska-Kozakiewicz
2
1
Students’ Scientific Organization of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Oncology Propaedeutics, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
2
Department of Oncology Propaedeutics, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2025, 13(5), 1153; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051153
Submission received: 1 April 2025 / Revised: 28 April 2025 / Accepted: 30 April 2025 / Published: 9 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Breast Diseases and Histopathology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer can be classified based on the immunohistochemistry (IHC) phenotypes, defined by the presence or absence of the main IHC markers. IHC phenotyping is important as it determines the prognosis and guides treatment. For example, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression, which triggers cell growth and division, is observed in HER2-positive breast cancer. Methods: The standard treatment is based on trastuzumab plus pertuzumab in combination with taxane chemotherapy. The possibility of developing metastases depends on those phenotypes. Approximately 25–50% of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer experience brain metastases. This aspect is especially important, as 20% of those patients die as a result. Results: Through the years, many advanced therapies have been introduced to treat brain metastases, including whole brain radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), neratinib. Nonetheless, this still remains a therapeutic challenge. Conclusions: In this review, we focus on the treatment and efficiency of therapies targeting HER2-positive breast cancer, mainly concentrating on the current and newly developed treatment options for brain metastases, such as trastuzumab deruxtecan and tucatinib.
Keywords: HER2-positive breast cancer; brain metastasis; trastuzumab; CNS; trastuzumab emtansine; metastatic breast cancer HER2-positive breast cancer; brain metastasis; trastuzumab; CNS; trastuzumab emtansine; metastatic breast cancer

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MDPI and ACS Style

Miski, H.; Krupa, K.; Budzik, M.P.; Deptała, A.; Badowska-Kozakiewicz, A. HER2-Positive Breast Cancer—Current Treatment Management and New Therapeutic Methods for Brain Metastasis. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051153

AMA Style

Miski H, Krupa K, Budzik MP, Deptała A, Badowska-Kozakiewicz A. HER2-Positive Breast Cancer—Current Treatment Management and New Therapeutic Methods for Brain Metastasis. Biomedicines. 2025; 13(5):1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051153

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miski, Hanna, Kamila Krupa, Michał Piotr Budzik, Andrzej Deptała, and Anna Badowska-Kozakiewicz. 2025. "HER2-Positive Breast Cancer—Current Treatment Management and New Therapeutic Methods for Brain Metastasis" Biomedicines 13, no. 5: 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051153

APA Style

Miski, H., Krupa, K., Budzik, M. P., Deptała, A., & Badowska-Kozakiewicz, A. (2025). HER2-Positive Breast Cancer—Current Treatment Management and New Therapeutic Methods for Brain Metastasis. Biomedicines, 13(5), 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051153

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