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Volume 12
Issue 9
10.3390/biomedicines12092065
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Systematic Review

New Onset of Acute and Chronic Hepatic Diseases Post-COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review

by
Ahamed Lebbe
1,†,
Ali Aboulwafa
1,†,
Nuran Bayraktar
1,
Beshr Mushannen
1,
Sama Ayoub
1,
Shaunak Sarker
1,
Marwan Nour Abdalla
1,
Ibrahim Mohammed
2,
Malik Mushannen
3,
Lina Yagan
4 and
Dalia Zakaria
5,*
1
Medical Department, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar
2
Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, New York, NY 12208, USA
3
Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, New York, NY 12208, USA
4
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
5
Premedical Department, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Biomedicines 2024, 12(9), 2065; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12092065
Submission received: 11 July 2024 / Revised: 11 August 2024 / Accepted: 13 August 2024 / Published: 10 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Research in Post-COVID (Long COVID): Pathological and Treatment Studies of Sequelae and Complications—2nd Edition)
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Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 virus caused a pandemic in the 2020s, which affected almost every aspect of life. As the world is recovering from the effect of the coronavirus, the concept of post-COVID-19 syndrome has emerged. Multiple organ systems have been implicated, including the liver. We aim to identify and analyze the reported cases of severe and long-term parenchymal liver injury post-COVID-19 infection. Several databases were used to conduct a comprehensive literature search to target studies reporting cases of severe and long-term parenchymal liver injury post-COVID-19 infection. Screening, data extraction, and cross checking were performed by two independent reviewers. Only 22 studies met our inclusion criteria. Our results revealed that liver steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cirrhosis were the most reported liver associated complications post-COVID-19 infection. Moreover, complications like acute liver failure, hepatitis, and liver hemorrhage were also reported. The mechanism of liver injury post-COVID-19 infection is not fully understood. The leading proposed mechanisms include the involvement of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor expressed in the liver and the overall inflammatory state caused by COVID-19 infection. Future studies should incorporate longer follow-up periods, spanning several years, for better insight into the progression and management of such diseases.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; post-COVID-19 sequelae; long-COVID; liver injury; hepatic injury; parenchymal liver disease COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; post-COVID-19 sequelae; long-COVID; liver injury; hepatic injury; parenchymal liver disease

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lebbe, A.; Aboulwafa, A.; Bayraktar, N.; Mushannen, B.; Ayoub, S.; Sarker, S.; Abdalla, M.N.; Mohammed, I.; Mushannen, M.; Yagan, L.; et al. New Onset of Acute and Chronic Hepatic Diseases Post-COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 2065. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12092065

AMA Style

Lebbe A, Aboulwafa A, Bayraktar N, Mushannen B, Ayoub S, Sarker S, Abdalla MN, Mohammed I, Mushannen M, Yagan L, et al. New Onset of Acute and Chronic Hepatic Diseases Post-COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines. 2024; 12(9):2065. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12092065

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lebbe, Ahamed, Ali Aboulwafa, Nuran Bayraktar, Beshr Mushannen, Sama Ayoub, Shaunak Sarker, Marwan Nour Abdalla, Ibrahim Mohammed, Malik Mushannen, Lina Yagan, and et al. 2024. "New Onset of Acute and Chronic Hepatic Diseases Post-COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review" Biomedicines 12, no. 9: 2065. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12092065

APA Style

Lebbe, A., Aboulwafa, A., Bayraktar, N., Mushannen, B., Ayoub, S., Sarker, S., Abdalla, M. N., Mohammed, I., Mushannen, M., Yagan, L., & Zakaria, D. (2024). New Onset of Acute and Chronic Hepatic Diseases Post-COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines, 12(9), 2065. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12092065

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