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Biomedicines
Volume 12
Issue 5
10.3390/biomedicines12050951
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Review

The Congestion “Pandemic” in Acute Heart Failure Patients

by
Daniela Mocan
1,†,
Radu Ioan Lala
1,2,*,†,
Maria Puschita
1,*,
Luminita Pilat
1,
Dan Alexandru Darabantiu
2 and
Adina Pop-Moldovan
1,2
1
Multidisciplinary Doctoral School, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
2
Cardiology Department, Arad County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 310037 Arad, Romania
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Biomedicines 2024, 12(5), 951; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12050951
Submission received: 1 March 2024 / Revised: 7 April 2024 / Accepted: 22 April 2024 / Published: 24 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular and Translational Medicine)
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Abstract

Congestion not only represents a cardinal sign of heart failure (HF) but is also now recognized as the primary cause of hospital admissions, rehospitalization, and mortality among patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Congestion can manifest through various HF phenotypes in acute settings: volume overload, volume redistribution, or both. Recognizing the congestion phenotype is paramount, as it implies different therapeutic strategies for decongestion. Among patients with AHF, achieving complete decongestion is challenging, as more than half still experience residual congestion at discharge. Residual congestion is one of the strongest predictors of future cardiovascular events and poor outcomes. Through this review, we try to provide a better understanding of the congestion phenomenon among patients with AHF by highlighting insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms behind congestion and new diagnostic and management tools to achieve and maintain efficient decongestion.
Keywords: heart failure; congestion; volume overload; volume redistribution; biomarkers heart failure; congestion; volume overload; volume redistribution; biomarkers

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mocan, D.; Lala, R.I.; Puschita, M.; Pilat, L.; Darabantiu, D.A.; Pop-Moldovan, A. The Congestion “Pandemic” in Acute Heart Failure Patients. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 951. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12050951

AMA Style

Mocan D, Lala RI, Puschita M, Pilat L, Darabantiu DA, Pop-Moldovan A. The Congestion “Pandemic” in Acute Heart Failure Patients. Biomedicines. 2024; 12(5):951. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12050951

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mocan, Daniela, Radu Ioan Lala, Maria Puschita, Luminita Pilat, Dan Alexandru Darabantiu, and Adina Pop-Moldovan. 2024. "The Congestion “Pandemic” in Acute Heart Failure Patients" Biomedicines 12, no. 5: 951. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12050951

APA Style

Mocan, D., Lala, R. I., Puschita, M., Pilat, L., Darabantiu, D. A., & Pop-Moldovan, A. (2024). The Congestion “Pandemic” in Acute Heart Failure Patients. Biomedicines, 12(5), 951. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12050951

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