Reduced Lipid Peroxidation Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, but Not Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Cohort
2.2. Immunohistochemistry
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Association of Low Intratumoral Amounts of 4-HNE with Increased Vascular Invasion and Poor Tumor Differentiation in HCC Patients
3.2. Association of Low Intratumoral Amounts of 4-HNE with Increased Vascular Invasion and Poor Tumor Differentiation in HCC Patients
3.3. Multivariate Analysis Confirms Lower 4-HNE Levels as an Independent Predictor of Adverse Outcomes in HCC
3.4. No Significant Association between 4-HNE Levels and Patient Survival in iCCA
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Low 4-HNE | High 4-HNE | p-Value * | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n = 424 (79%) | n = 112 (21%) | |||
Age at diagnosis [years] (range) | 65.3 (57.8, 71.8) | 60.4 (52.6, 67.0) | <0.001 | |
Tumor max. diameter [mm] (range) | 44 (26, 90) | 32 (22, 50) | <0.001 | |
Gender | male | 334 (79%) | 88 (79%) | 0.9 |
female | 90 (21%) | 24 (21%) | ||
Alcohol abuse | absent | 305 (72%) | 72 (64%) | 0.12 |
present | 119 (28%) | 40 (36%) | ||
HCV | absent | 343 (81%) | 86 (77%) | 0.3 |
present | 81 (19%) | 26 (23%) | ||
HBV | absent | 346 (82%) | 90 (80%) | 0.8 |
present | 78 (18%) | 22 (20%) | ||
NASH | absent | 386 (91%) | 108 (96%) | 0.059 |
present | 38 (9.0%) | 4 (3.6%) | ||
Hemochromatosis | absent | 403 (95%) | 108 (96%) | 0.5 |
present | 21 (5.0%) | 4 (3.6%) | ||
Cirrhosis | absent | 170 (40%) | 24 (21%) | <0.001 |
present | 254 (60%) | 88 (79%) | ||
Child–Pugh score | A | 160 (58%) | 35 (38%) | 0.001 |
B | 97 (35%) | 41 (45%) | ||
C | 19 (6.9%) | 15 (16%) | ||
BCLC Stage | A | 72 (17%) | 26 (23%) | <0.001 |
B | 278 (66%) | 65 (58%) | ||
C | 55 (13%) | 6 (5.4%) | ||
D | 19 (4.5%) | 15 (13%) | ||
Grading | G1 | 74 (19%) | 25 (26%) | 0.2 |
G2 | 214 (55%) | 53 (55%) | ||
G3 | 98 (25%) | 18 (19%) | ||
VETC | negative | 344 (81%) | 97 (87%) | 0.2 |
positive | 80 (19%) | 15 (13%) | ||
Vascular invasion | absent | 254 (60%) | 91 (81%) | <0.001 |
present | 170 (40%) | 21 (18%) | ||
Multifocality | absent | 239 (65%) | 53 (58%) | 0.3 |
present | 131 (35%) | 38 (42%) | ||
Macrotrabecular subtype | absent | 379 (91%) | 108 (98%) | 0.009 |
present | 39 (9.3%) | 2 (1.8%) | ||
GS overexpression | absent | 340 (80%) | 84 (76%) | 0.4 |
present | 84 (20%) | 26 (24%) |
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Gerber, T.S.; Witzel, H.R.; Weinmann, A.; Bartsch, F.; Schindeldecker, M.; Galle, P.R.; Lang, H.; Roth, W.; Ridder, D.A.; Straub, B.K. Reduced Lipid Peroxidation Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, but Not Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2471. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092471
Gerber TS, Witzel HR, Weinmann A, Bartsch F, Schindeldecker M, Galle PR, Lang H, Roth W, Ridder DA, Straub BK. Reduced Lipid Peroxidation Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, but Not Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(9):2471. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092471
Chicago/Turabian StyleGerber, Tiemo Sven, Hagen Roland Witzel, Arndt Weinmann, Fabian Bartsch, Mario Schindeldecker, Peter R. Galle, Hauke Lang, Wilfried Roth, Dirk Andreas Ridder, and Beate Katharina Straub. 2023. "Reduced Lipid Peroxidation Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, but Not Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma" Biomedicines 11, no. 9: 2471. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092471